ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor
1. How can a healthcare provider prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in post-operative patients?
- A. Encourage early ambulation
- B. Administer anticoagulants
- C. Apply compression stockings
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: All of the above options are essential in preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in post-operative patients. Encouraging early ambulation helps prevent blood stasis in the lower extremities, reducing the risk of DVT. Administering anticoagulants can prevent blood clots from forming. Compression stockings promote blood flow, reducing the likelihood of clot formation. Each intervention plays a crucial role in DVT prevention, making the correct answer 'All of the above.' Choices A, B, and C are not exclusive of each other but rather work synergistically to provide comprehensive prevention against DVT.
2. A client has a history of left-sided heart failure. The nurse should look for the presence of which finding to determine whether the problem is currently active?
- A. Presence of ascites
- B. Bilateral lung crackles
- C. Jugular vein distention
- D. Pedal edema bilaterally
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When assessing a client with a history of left-sided heart failure, the presence of bilateral lung crackles is a key finding to determine if the condition is currently active. Crackles in the lungs indicate fluid accumulation, a common sign of left-sided heart failure due to pulmonary congestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because ascites, jugular vein distention, and pedal edema are more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure.
3. A nurse is assessing a client who has a brainstem injury. The nurse should expect the client to exhibit which of the following findings?
- A. Decerebrate posturing.
- B. Hypervigilance.
- C. Absence of deep tendon reflexes.
- D. Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decerebrate posturing. Decerebrate posturing is an abnormal body posture characterized by rigid extension of the arms and legs, which indicates severe brainstem injury affecting the midbrain and pons. This posture suggests dysfunction or damage to neural pathways controlling muscle tone. Choice B, hypervigilance, is not typically associated with brainstem injury but rather with increased alertness and arousal. Choice C, absence of deep tendon reflexes, is not a specific finding related to brainstem injury. Choice D, a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15, indicates a fully awake and alert state, which is not expected in a client with a brainstem injury.
4. Madam Esinam, a 45-year-old trader at the Kotokuraba community market, has brought her 8-year-old daughter Bubunyo to the clinic where you are working. According to her, Bubunyo eats very well but looks like her 5-year-old brother in terms of stature. What investigation would you request to give a definitive diagnosis of Bubunyo's condition?
- A. Renal and Liver function test
- B. Pancreatic function test
- C. Sedimentation rate (ESR)
- D. Growth hormone assessment
Correct answer: D
Rationale: A growth hormone assessment is necessary to definitively diagnose growth hormone deficiency, which could be a possible cause of Bubunyo's growth delay despite adequate nutrition. This test will help determine if Bubunyo's growth issues are related to a lack of growth hormone production.
5. When teaching a client about the adverse effects of simvastatin, which of the following findings should be included as an adverse effect?
- A. Tinnitus
- B. Muscle pain
- C. Diarrhea
- D. Facial flushing
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Muscle pain should be included as an adverse effect when teaching a client about simvastatin. It can be a sign of rhabdomyolysis, a severe side effect associated with statins like simvastatin that involves muscle breakdown. Monitoring for muscle pain is crucial to prevent serious complications and ensure timely intervention. Tinnitus, diarrhea, and facial flushing are not typically associated with simvastatin use and are less common adverse effects compared to muscle pain.
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