Nursing Elites

1. Feces are composed mainly of bacteria, mucosal cells, mucus, and what else?

• A. bile
• B. enzymes
• C. fiber
• D. chyme

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: fiber.' Feces are primarily made up of indigestible material, such as fiber. Bile (choice A) is produced by the liver to aid in digestion but is not a major component of feces. Enzymes (choice B) are involved in digestion but are not a significant component of feces. Chyme (choice D) is the semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine and is not a major component of feces.

2. How does a nursing infant receive antibodies from its mother?

• A. Through anabolism and catabolism.
• B. Through the absorption of antibodies.
• C. Through the absorption of amino acids and synthesis of antibodies.
• D. Through genetic inheritance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A nursing infant receives antibodies from its mother through the absorption of antibodies present in breast milk. Choice A is incorrect as anabolism and catabolism refer to metabolic processes, not the transfer of antibodies. Choice C is incorrect as the infant does not need to synthesize antibodies but directly receives them. Choice D is incorrect because while genetic inheritance plays a role in the immune system, in this case, the direct transfer of antibodies occurs through breast milk.

3. What is the term for the production of glucose from protein, lactate, or glycerol?

• A. glycolysis
• B. gluconeogenesis
• C. glycogenolysis
• D. glucogenesis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Gluconeogenesis is the correct term for the production of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources such as protein, lactate, or glycerol. Choice A, glycolysis, is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate. Choice C, glycogenolysis, is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose. Choice D, glucogenesis, is not a recognized term in biochemistry.

4. Which of the following is an example of a plasma protein?

• A. Collagen.
• B. Myosin.
• C. Albumin.
• D. Phospholipid.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, albumin. Albumin is a plasma protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the blood. Collagen (choice A) is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not a plasma protein. Myosin (choice B) is a protein involved in muscle contraction, not found in the blood plasma. Phospholipid (choice D) is a type of lipid molecule, not a protein present in plasma.

5. What is the primary function of protein in the diet?

• A. supply energy.
• B. synthesize vitamins.
• C. build and repair tissue.
• D. store glycogen.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary function of protein in the diet is to build and repair tissues. Proteins are essential for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues like muscles, skin, and organs. While proteins can be a source of energy, their primary role is not to supply energy, making choice A incorrect. Choice B is also incorrect as proteins do not synthesize vitamins; rather, they are essential nutrients themselves. Choice D is inaccurate because glycogen is a form of stored glucose in the body, not a function of protein.

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