exchange lists for meal planning was originally intended as a meal planning tool for people who have

ATI LPN

PN Nutrition Assessment ATI

1. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning was originally intended as a meal-planning tool for people who have:

A. cancer.
B. diabetes.
C. hypertension.
D. heart disease.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: diabetes. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning were originally created to assist individuals with diabetes in managing their diet by providing a structured approach to balanced food exchanges. This system helps individuals regulate their blood sugar levels and maintain overall health. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because Exchange Lists for Meal Planning were not primarily developed for individuals with cancer, hypertension, or heart disease.

2. Which enzyme is secreted by the salivary glands?

A. Pepsin.
B. Trypsin.
C. Sucrase.
D. Amylase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that initiates the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Pepsin (choice A) is produced in the stomach to digest proteins, trypsin (choice B) is produced in the pancreas to digest proteins, and sucrase (choice C) is produced in the small intestine to break down sucrose. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands.

3. Which of the following foods are major sources of starch?

A. Fruits
B. Meats
C. Legumes
D. Milk

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Legumes. Legumes, such as beans and lentils, are major sources of starch, providing complex carbohydrates. Fruits (choice A) mainly provide sugars rather than starch. Meats (choice B) and milk (choice D) are not significant sources of starch as they mainly provide protein and fats, respectively. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect.

4. Proteins are absorbed primarily in the form of:

A. fatty acids.
B. disaccharides.
C. amino acids.
D. polypeptides.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: amino acids. Proteins are broken down by digestive enzymes into amino acids before being absorbed in the small intestine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are the form in which they are primarily absorbed. Choice A (fatty acids) is incorrect as fatty acids are the end products of fat digestion, not protein digestion. Choice B (disaccharides) is incorrect because disaccharides are sugars that are broken down into monosaccharides, not proteins. Choice D (polypeptides) is incorrect as proteins are broken down into amino acids and not absorbed as polypeptides.

5. Which nutrient has a protein-sparing effect?

A. Glycerol
B. Carbohydrate
C. Nitrogen
D. Fatty acids

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Carbohydrates have a protein-sparing effect, meaning that adequate carbohydrate intake can prevent the use of protein for energy. Glycerol, nitrogen, and fatty acids do not have a protein-sparing effect. Glycerol is a component of fats and oils, nitrogen is a component of proteins, and fatty acids are used primarily as an energy source.