ATI LPN
Nutrition For PN Nursing ATI
1. Which enzyme is secreted by the salivary glands?
- A. Pepsin.
- B. Trypsin.
- C. Sucrase.
- D. Amylase.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, amylase. Amylase is an enzyme produced by the salivary glands that initiates the digestion of carbohydrates in the mouth. Pepsin (choice A) is produced in the stomach to digest proteins, trypsin (choice B) is produced in the pancreas to digest proteins, and sucrase (choice C) is produced in the small intestine to break down sucrose. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands.
2. What are the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal tract called?
- A. Segmentation
- B. Peristalsis
- C. Cardiospasm
- D. Pendular movements
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Peristalsis is the correct answer because it refers to the rhythmic contractions that propel food through the intestinal tract by pushing it along the digestive system. Segmentation, on the other hand, refers to the mixing movements in the intestines rather than the forward movement of food. Cardiospasm is a condition characterized by difficulty swallowing due to the inability of the esophagus to relax, and pendular movements are a type of motility found in the small intestine but do not specifically refer to the propulsion of food.
3. Where does gluconeogenesis occur?
- A. Muscles.
- B. Pancreas.
- C. Liver.
- D. Spleen.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Gluconeogenesis mainly occurs in the liver. It is a process where glucose is synthesized from non-carbohydrate sources such as amino acids and glycerol. The liver is the primary site for gluconeogenesis due to the presence of key enzymes and substrates required for this process. Muscles do not play a significant role in gluconeogenesis, making choice A incorrect. The pancreas is involved in the regulation of blood sugar levels through insulin and glucagon but is not the primary site for gluconeogenesis, so choice B is incorrect. The spleen is not a major organ involved in glucose metabolism, making choice D incorrect.
4. Signs of malnutrition can appear when:
- A. nutrient reserves are depleted.
- B. nutrient intake exceeds daily needs.
- C. energy intake is restricted.
- D. caloric expenditure increases.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'nutrient reserves are depleted.' Signs of malnutrition manifest when the body's reserves of essential nutrients are exhausted and can no longer sustain health. Choice B is incorrect because excessive nutrient intake exceeding daily needs does not lead to malnutrition but may cause other health issues. Choice C is incorrect as restricting energy intake may lead to weight loss but not necessarily malnutrition. Choice D is also incorrect as increasing caloric expenditure does not directly cause malnutrition.
5. The professional primarily responsible for the application of nutrition science in clinical practice settings is the:
- A. nurse.
- B. physician.
- C. public health nutritionist.
- D. registered dietitian.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: registered dietitian. A registered dietitian is a healthcare professional with specialized training in nutrition and dietetics, making them primarily responsible for applying nutrition science in clinical practice settings. Nurses (choice A) and physicians (choice B) may have some knowledge of nutrition, but a registered dietitian has specific expertise in this area. Public health nutritionists (choice C) typically focus on community nutrition and public health programs, rather than clinical practice settings.
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