Nursing Elites

1. How many kilocalories are provided by 15 grams of protein?

• A. 15
• B. 45
• C. 60
• D. 135

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Protein provides 4 kcal per gram. Therefore, 15 grams of protein will provide 15 grams x 4 kcal/gram = 60 kcal. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not consider the caloric value of protein correctly.

2. In the most recent edition of Choose Your Foods: Exchange List for Diabetes, the three groups into which foods are arranged are:

• A. fruits and vegetables, breads, and meats.
• B. fats, starches and sugars, and meat and milk.
• C. fruits and vegetables, meat and milk, and starches.
• D. carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: carbohydrates, meat and meat substitutes, and fats. The most recent edition of Choose Your Foods: Exchange List for Diabetes categorizes foods into these three groups for easier meal planning. Choice A is incorrect because it does not include carbohydrates and groups bread with fruits and vegetables. Choice B is incorrect because it separates carbohydrates into starches and sugars, which are usually counted together in diabetes meal planning. Choice C is incorrect as it does not specifically categorize foods into carbohydrates, meat, and fats as per the latest edition.

3. How many kilocalories (kcal) are provided by 35 g of fat?

• A. 140
• B. 245
• C. 315
• D. 360

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fat provides 9 kcal per gram, so 35 grams of fat provides 315 kcal. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Choice A (140) is incorrect because it doesn't consider the energy content of fat. Choice B (245) is incorrect as it miscalculates the kilocalories provided by 35g of fat. Choice D (360) is incorrect because it overestimates the kilocalories provided by 35g of fat.

4. Which phase of metabolism makes growth and repair possible?

• A. digestion
• B. catabolism
• C. anabolism
• D. ketosis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Anabolism is the phase of metabolism responsible for building up and repairing tissues in the body. It involves processes that require energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones. Digestion (choice A) is the process of breaking down food into simpler substances for absorption. Catabolism (choice B) involves the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones with the release of energy. Ketosis (choice D) is a metabolic state where the body uses fat as the primary source of energy, which is not directly related to growth and repair.

5. Dietary guidelines are most useful for:

• A. limiting portion sizes.
• B. designing a personal food plan.
• C. making smart food choices.
• D. avoiding excessive nutrient intakes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dietary guidelines are designed to assist individuals in making smart food choices by providing recommendations on what to eat to maintain good health. While portion sizes may be a part of these guidelines, they are not the primary focus. Designing a personal food plan involves individual preferences and needs, which may go beyond general guidelines. Avoiding excessive nutrient intakes is important, but dietary guidelines aim to provide balanced recommendations rather than just focusing on avoiding excess.

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