Nursing Elites

1. How does a nursing infant receive antibodies from its mother?

• A. Through anabolism and catabolism.
• B. Through the absorption of antibodies.
• C. Through the absorption of amino acids and synthesis of antibodies.
• D. Through genetic inheritance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A nursing infant receives antibodies from its mother through the absorption of antibodies present in breast milk. Choice A is incorrect as anabolism and catabolism refer to metabolic processes, not the transfer of antibodies. Choice C is incorrect as the infant does not need to synthesize antibodies but directly receives them. Choice D is incorrect because while genetic inheritance plays a role in the immune system, in this case, the direct transfer of antibodies occurs through breast milk.

2. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning group foods that are equivalent in their:

• A. weight.
• B. serving size.
• C. micronutrient content.
• D. macronutrient content.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Exchange Lists for Meal Planning categorize foods based on their macronutrient content, such as carbohydrate, protein, and fat. These lists help individuals make food choices while ensuring similar amounts of macronutrients are consumed. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Exchange Lists focus on macronutrient content, not weight, serving size, or micronutrient content.

3. Which enzyme is produced by the parotid gland?

• A. Salivary amylase
• B. Sucrase
• C. Maltase
• D. Lactase

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Salivary amylase. Salivary amylase is an enzyme produced by the parotid gland that initiates starch digestion in the mouth. It helps break down starch into maltose, a simpler sugar. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because sucrase, maltase, and lactase are enzymes involved in the digestion of disaccharides like sucrose, maltose, and lactose, respectively, in the small intestine, not in the saliva.

4. Which of the following is an example of a protein?

• A. Saline.
• B. Hemoglobin.
• C. Cellulose.
• D. Prostaglandins.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Hemoglobin is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood, making it the correct answer. Choice A, Saline, is a salt solution and not a protein. Choice C, Cellulose, is a complex carbohydrate found in the cell walls of plants, not a protein. Choice D, Prostaglandins, are lipid compounds with hormone-like effects, not proteins.

5. Which observation provides evidence that a person has good nutritional status?

• A. Small muscle mass.
• B. Normal weight-to-height ratio.
• C. Smooth tongue.
• D. Fragile skin.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A normal weight-to-height ratio is a reliable indicator of good nutritional status as it suggests that the person is well-nourished and not underweight or overweight. Small muscle mass (choice A) can indicate malnutrition, a smooth tongue (choice C) can be a sign of vitamin deficiencies, and fragile skin (choice D) can be a sign of poor nutrition or other health issues, but they are not as direct indicators of good nutritional status as a normal weight-to-height ratio.

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