ATI LPN
ATI Learning System PN Medical Surgical Final Quizlet
1. A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is prescribed hydroxychloroquine. What is the most important instruction the nurse should give?
- A. Report any vision changes immediately.
- B. Take the medication with milk.
- C. Avoid high-fat foods.
- D. Increase intake of green leafy vegetables.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction for a patient prescribed hydroxychloroquine, especially in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is to report any vision changes immediately. Hydroxychloroquine can potentially cause retinal damage, so prompt reporting and ophthalmologic evaluation are essential in preventing irreversible eye complications. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the significant adverse effect of hydroxychloroquine on vision. Taking the medication with milk, avoiding high-fat foods, or increasing intake of green leafy vegetables are not relevant to the primary concern of monitoring for visual changes.
2. What is an example of a culturally sensitive response from a healthcare provider when a patient mentions feeling uncomfortable with a treatment plan?
- A. Asking why they feel this way
- B. Explaining that the treatment is standard
- C. Inviting the patient to share concerns
- D. Offering alternative treatments
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Inviting the patient to share concerns is an example of a culturally sensitive response as it acknowledges the patient's feelings and provides a safe space for them to express their discomfort. This approach shows respect for the patient's cultural beliefs and values by valuing their perspective. Choice A, asking why they feel this way, can be perceived as confrontational and may not encourage open communication. Choice B, explaining that the treatment is standard, dismisses the patient's feelings and does not address their discomfort. Choice D, offering alternative treatments, may be premature without fully understanding the patient's concerns first.
3. What are the key signs of respiratory distress?
- A. Increased respiratory rate and use of accessory muscles
- B. Decreased respiratory rate and cyanosis
- C. Cyanosis and use of accessory muscles
- D. Altered mental status and bradycardia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased respiratory rate and use of accessory muscles are key signs of respiratory distress. When a person is experiencing respiratory distress, their respiratory rate typically increases as the body tries to compensate for the inadequate oxygenation. Additionally, the use of accessory muscles indicates that the person is working harder to breathe. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the key signs of respiratory distress. A decreased respiratory rate, cyanosis, altered mental status, and bradycardia are not typical signs of respiratory distress.
4. Which of the following types of fiber is not a carbohydrate?
- A. gums
- B. lignin
- C. pectin
- D. cellulose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Lignin is the correct answer because it is a type of fiber that is not a carbohydrate and provides structure to plant cell walls. Gums (choice A), pectin (choice C), and cellulose (choice D) are all types of dietary fiber that are carbohydrates. Gums are a type of soluble fiber, pectin is found in fruits and is a soluble fiber, and cellulose is a type of insoluble fiber found in plant cell walls.
5. Which of the following findings indicates a need for immediate attention in a client diagnosed with delirium?
- A. Confusion and disorientation that resolve with rest
- B. A blood pressure reading of 110/70
- C. Irritability and agitation that worsen throughout the day
- D. Mild confusion during the evening hours
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Irritability and agitation that worsen throughout the day. These symptoms are concerning in a client diagnosed with delirium as they may indicate an exacerbation of the condition or an underlying cause that requires immediate attention. Option A describes symptoms that resolve with rest, which may not be as urgent. Option B provides a normal blood pressure reading, which is not typically associated with immediate attention in delirium cases. Option D describes mild confusion during specific hours, which may not be as critical as worsening symptoms throughout the day.
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