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1. A patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is prescribed erythropoietin. What is the primary action of this medication?
- A. Stimulate white blood cell production
- B. Increase platelet count
- C. Promote red blood cell production
- D. Enhance clotting factor production
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Erythropoietin primarily stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells, which helps to improve oxygen delivery to tissues. In chronic kidney disease, patients often develop anemia due to reduced erythropoietin production by the kidneys. By administering exogenous erythropoietin, the deficient hormone is replaced, leading to an increase in red blood cell production and subsequently improving the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
2. Feces are composed mainly of bacteria, mucosal cells, mucus, and what else?
- A. bile
- B. enzymes
- C. fiber
- D. chyme
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 'C: fiber.' Feces are primarily made up of indigestible material, such as fiber. Bile (choice A) is produced by the liver to aid in digestion but is not a major component of feces. Enzymes (choice B) are involved in digestion but are not a significant component of feces. Chyme (choice D) is the semi-fluid mass of partially digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine and is not a major component of feces.
3. Which of the following is an essential component of prenatal care?
- A. Routine immunizations
- B. Nutritional counseling
- C. Surgical interventions
- D. Radiologic exams
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nutritional counseling is a vital component of prenatal care as it helps ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the baby. Proper nutrition during pregnancy is crucial for the healthy development of the fetus and to support the overall health of the expectant mother.
4. The healthcare provider is caring for a patient who is taking warfarin (Coumadin). Which laboratory value should the healthcare provider monitor closely?
- A. Platelet count.
- B. Prothrombin time (PT).
- C. Hemoglobin level.
- D. White blood cell count.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Corrected Rationale: When caring for a patient on warfarin, monitoring prothrombin time (PT) is crucial. PT helps assess the blood's ability to clot properly, ensuring the patient maintains therapeutic anticoagulation levels while minimizing bleeding risks. Platelet count (Choice A) is important but not the most critical for warfarin therapy. Hemoglobin level (Choice C) and white blood cell count (Choice D) are not directly related to monitoring the effects of warfarin.
5. The client has angina pectoris and is prescribed nitroglycerin patches. What instruction should the nurse provide to the client?
- A. Apply the patch to the chest and leave it in place for 24 hours
- B. Apply the patch to a different site each time to prevent skin irritation
- C. Remove the patch before going to bed to prevent tolerance
- D. Cut the patch in half if experiencing headaches
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to provide to the client is to apply the nitroglycerin patch to a different site each time to prevent skin irritation. Rotating the application site is crucial to prevent skin irritation and ensure consistent absorption of the medication. Applying the patch to the same site can lead to skin irritation and decreased effectiveness. Removing the patch before going to bed is not necessary, as the patch can typically be worn for a specific duration. Cutting the patch in half if experiencing headaches is not recommended and can alter the dose of the medication.
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