ATI LPN
Adult Medical Surgical ATI
1. The client with newly diagnosed hypertension is being taught about lifestyle modifications. Which recommendation should be made?
- A. Increase your intake of saturated fats.
- B. Limit your alcohol intake to two drinks per day.
- C. Engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
- D. Use table salt liberally to season your food.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Engaging in at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week is a key lifestyle modification recommended for individuals with hypertension. Regular exercise helps manage blood pressure, improve cardiovascular health, and overall well-being. It is important for the client to adopt a healthy lifestyle to control hypertension and reduce the risk of complications.
2. What is the most appropriate nursing intervention to help alleviate severe abdominal pain in a patient with acute pancreatitis?
- A. Encourage oral intake of clear fluids with electrolytes.
- B. Place the patient in a semi-Fowler's position.
- C. Administer prescribed opioid analgesics.
- D. Apply a cold pack to the abdomen.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Administering prescribed opioid analgesics is the most appropriate nursing intervention to alleviate severe abdominal pain in a patient with acute pancreatitis. Opioid analgesics help manage severe pain effectively in such cases. Encouraging oral intake of clear fluids with electrolytes is contraindicated due to the need for pancreatic rest and potential exacerbation of symptoms. Placing the patient in a semi-Fowler's position helps reduce pressure on the abdomen, unlike a supine position that can worsen the pain. Applying a cold pack is not recommended as it can potentially increase discomfort and vasoconstriction in acute pancreatitis.
3. A nurse is caring for a client with congestive heart failure. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?
- A. Call the provider if the respiratory rate is less than 18/min
- B. Administer a 500 mL IV bolus of 0.9% sodium chloride over 1 hour
- C. Administer enalapril 2.5 mg PO twice daily
- D. Call the provider if the client’s pulse rate is less than 80/min
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Enalapril, an ACE inhibitor, is commonly prescribed to manage hypertension and heart failure. It helps reduce the workload on the heart and prevent fluid retention. Options A, B, and D are incorrect. Option A focuses on a respiratory rate, which is not specific to heart failure management. Option B suggests administering a large IV bolus of fluid, which can worsen heart failure by increasing fluid volume. Option D addresses the pulse rate, which is not a typical parameter to monitor for heart failure specifically.
4. A nurse who works in an inner-city clinic provides care for a large number of older black clients. Which health promotion activity best reflects the specific health needs of this population?
- A. A blood sugar and blood pressure monitoring program
- B. An education session on the positive health effects of good nutrition
- C. A screening mammography campaign for older black women
- D. A program that teaches black men the importance of prostate health screening
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Diabetes and hypertension are prevalent among older black adults. Regular blood sugar and blood pressure monitoring are crucial in managing these conditions. While education on good nutrition, screening mammography, and prostate health screening are important health promotion activities, they do not directly address the specific health needs of this population. Therefore, a blood sugar and blood pressure monitoring program would best reflect the health needs of the older black clients in this inner-city clinic.
5. A client who has a new prescription for warfarin is being educated by a healthcare professional about monitoring for adverse effects. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. 'I should use a soft toothbrush to brush my teeth.'
- B. 'I will double my dose if I miss one.'
- C. 'I should increase my intake of leafy green vegetables.'
- D. 'I will contact my doctor if I notice any unusual bleeding or bruising.'
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'I will contact my doctor if I notice any unusual bleeding or bruising.' This statement indicates a good understanding of the teaching regarding warfarin. Warfarin is an anticoagulant medication that increases the risk of bleeding. Contacting the doctor if unusual bleeding or bruising is noticed is essential as it can help prevent serious complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Using a soft toothbrush is generally recommended for oral hygiene but is not directly related to monitoring for adverse effects of warfarin. Doubling the dose of warfarin if a dose is missed is dangerous and can increase the risk of bleeding. Increasing the intake of leafy green vegetables can interfere with warfarin's effectiveness as they contain vitamin K, which antagonizes warfarin's anticoagulant effects.
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