Nursing Elites

1. A client with ulcerative colitis is receiving dietary management education from a healthcare provider. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of dairy products.
• B. I should decrease my intake of dairy products.
• C. I should increase my intake of high-fiber foods.
• D. I should decrease my intake of high-fat foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reducing dairy product intake can help manage symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in some individuals due to their lactose content and may need to be limited or avoided based on individual tolerance levels. Choice A is incorrect because increasing dairy products can worsen symptoms for some ulcerative colitis patients. Choice C is incorrect as while high-fiber foods are generally beneficial, they may exacerbate symptoms during a flare-up. Choice D is also incorrect as while reducing high-fat foods can be beneficial, dairy products are a more specific concern for ulcerative colitis.

2. A client with a new diagnosis of anemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of foods high in iron.
• B. You should decrease your intake of foods high in calcium.
• C. You should avoid foods that contain gluten.
• D. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'You should increase your intake of foods high in iron.' This statement should be included in the teaching because increasing intake of foods high in iron is essential for managing anemia. Iron is a key component for producing hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in the blood. By increasing iron-rich foods like leafy greens, red meat, and fortified cereals, the client can help improve their hemoglobin levels and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Decreasing intake of foods high in calcium is not necessary for anemia management; avoiding foods that contain gluten is relevant for individuals with gluten sensitivity or celiac disease, not anemia; and increasing intake of high-fat foods is not recommended for managing anemia.

3. During a teaching session on dietary management for heart failure, a client makes a statement. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of foods high in sodium.
• B. I should increase my intake of foods high in potassium.
• C. I should decrease my intake of fluids.
• D. I should decrease my intake of fiber.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because decreasing fluid intake is essential in managing fluid retention and symptoms of heart failure. Restricting fluids helps prevent excessive fluid buildup in the body, thus reducing the workload on the heart and alleviating symptoms like swelling and shortness of breath. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of foods high in sodium can exacerbate fluid retention and worsen heart failure symptoms. Increasing potassium-rich foods is beneficial for some heart conditions but not heart failure specifically. Decreasing fiber intake is not a standard recommendation for heart failure management.

4. What action is required by law when preparing to administer a controlled substance?

• A. Verify the client’s identification using two identifiers.
• B. Document the medication administration in the client’s chart immediately.
• C. Return any unused portion of the medication to the pharmacy.
• D. Have a second nurse witness the disposal of any unused portion.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Having a second nurse witness the disposal of any unused portion of a controlled substance is a legal requirement to ensure proper disposal, prevent diversion, and maintain accountability. This practice helps in reducing the risk of misuse or unauthorized access to controlled substances, enhancing patient safety, and complying with legal regulations and standards.

5. A client with hyperlipidemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of foods high in saturated fats.
• B. I should decrease my intake of foods high in cholesterol.
• C. I should increase my intake of foods high in trans fats.
• D. I should decrease my intake of foods high in fiber.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. In hyperlipidemia management, decreasing the intake of foods high in cholesterol is crucial to improve lipid levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Choices A and C are incorrect as increasing intake of saturated fats or trans fats can raise cholesterol levels, worsening the condition. Choice D is incorrect because decreasing intake of foods high in fiber is not recommended as fiber-rich foods are beneficial for heart health, which is important in managing hyperlipidemia.

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