Nursing Elites

1. A client with peptic ulcer disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should avoid drinking milk.
• B. I should avoid drinking coffee.
• C. I should avoid eating high-fiber foods.
• D. I should avoid eating low-fat foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Avoiding coffee is important in managing peptic ulcer disease as it helps reduce acid production and alleviate symptoms. Coffee is known to stimulate acid secretion in the stomach, which can exacerbate ulcer symptoms. Therefore, instructing the client to avoid drinking coffee is essential in the dietary management of peptic ulcer disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Drinking milk is generally allowed and can even provide a protective effect against ulcers. High-fiber foods are beneficial for digestion and do not need to be avoided unless they cause discomfort. Low-fat foods are also typically recommended for individuals with peptic ulcer disease as they are easier on the digestive system.

2. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an intradermal injection. Which of the following actions should the professional take?

• A. Use a tuberculin syringe.
• B. Insert the needle at a 45-degree angle.
• C. Use a 1-inch needle.
• D. Aspirate before injecting.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When administering an intradermal injection, a tuberculin syringe is the appropriate choice due to its small size and precise measurement markings, which are essential for accurately delivering the medication into the dermis layer of the skin. Using a 1-inch needle (choice C) is more common for subcutaneous injections, while inserting the needle at a 45-degree angle (choice B) is typical for intramuscular injections. Aspirating before injecting (choice D) is not necessary for intradermal injections, as the goal is to deliver the medication into the dermis rather than a blood vessel.

3. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of heart failure about dietary management, which of the following statements should the nurse include?

• A. Increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
• B. Decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.
• C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
• D. Increase your intake of dairy products.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease the intake of sodium-rich foods. Sodium restriction is crucial in managing heart failure as it helps to reduce fluid retention and alleviate symptoms. Excessive sodium intake can lead to fluid buildup in the body, worsening heart failure. Therefore, advising the client to decrease sodium-rich foods is essential for their overall health and management of the condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of sodium-rich foods (Choice A) would worsen fluid retention and heart failure symptoms. Avoiding foods that contain lactose (Choice C) is not directly related to heart failure management through sodium restriction. Increasing intake of dairy products (Choice D) may not be suitable for all heart failure patients, especially if they need to limit saturated fats or cholesterol in their diet.

4. A client has a new diagnosis of hypertension and is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included by the healthcare provider?

• A. Increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
• B. Decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.
• C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
• D. Increase your intake of dairy products.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Decrease your intake of sodium-rich foods.' When managing hypertension, reducing the intake of sodium-rich foods is essential. Excessive sodium can contribute to increased blood pressure, which is why limiting its consumption is crucial to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing sodium intake would exacerbate hypertension, avoiding lactose is unrelated to managing hypertension, and increasing dairy product intake does not specifically address the issue of sodium intake in hypertension management.

5. A healthcare professional is planning care for a client who has a new prescription for a high-protein diet. Which of the following foods should the healthcare professional recommend?

• A. Nuts
• B. Bananas
• C. Potatoes
• D. Apples

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Nuts are an excellent source of protein and are suitable for a high-protein diet. They provide essential nutrients and can help the client meet their increased protein requirements. Bananas, potatoes, and apples are not high-protein foods and are not the best choice when aiming to increase protein intake.

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