ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Test
1. A client has a new prescription for sertraline. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should take this medication at bedtime.
- B. I may experience sexual dysfunction.
- C. I should avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
- D. I may experience weight loss while taking this medication.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of sertraline. When the client mentions this potential side effect, it indicates an understanding of the teaching about the medication's effects. This response shows awareness of a significant adverse effect that the client should be informed about when starting sertraline. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking sertraline at bedtime, avoiding grapefruit juice, or experiencing weight loss are not key teaching points associated with this medication.
2. A client has a tracheostomy and requires suctioning. Which of the following actions should be taken?
- A. Hyperoxygenate the client before suctioning
- B. Insert the catheter while exhalation
- C. Apply suction after inserting the catheter
- D. Limit suctioning to no more than 15 seconds
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Hyperoxygenating the client before suctioning is crucial to prevent hypoxia during the procedure. By using a manual resuscitation bag with 100% oxygen, the nurse should provide several breaths to the client to ensure sufficient oxygenation before starting suctioning. This approach helps maintain oxygen levels and decreases the risk of hypoxia, which may arise when suctioning interrupts the normal respiratory process. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because inserting the catheter during exhalation, applying suction while inserting the catheter, and limiting suctioning to 15 seconds do not address the priority of hyperoxygenating the client to prevent hypoxia.
3. A client with peptic ulcer disease is being taught measures to prevent exacerbation of the condition. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid consuming dairy products
- B. Limit alcohol consumption
- C. Use antacids frequently
- D. Drink coffee to improve digestion
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Limit alcohol consumption. Alcohol can irritate the stomach lining and worsen peptic ulcer disease. Avoiding dairy products is not necessary unless the client is lactose intolerant. Using antacids frequently may provide symptomatic relief but does not address the root cause of the condition. Drinking coffee can actually stimulate acid production and potentially aggravate peptic ulcers.
4. A patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism; the nurse tells the patient not to eat goitrogens. Which of the following is an example of a goitrogen?
- A. Orange
- B. Tomatoes
- C. Cabbage
- D. Grapes
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen. Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting the uptake of iodine. Cabbage contains compounds that can have this effect and should be consumed in moderation by individuals with hypothyroidism.
5. A client who experienced an acute myocardial infarction expresses concern about fatigue. What is the best strategy to promote self-care?
- A. Ask family members to assist with all self-care tasks
- B. Encourage the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods
- C. Instruct the client to remain in bed until fully rested
- D. Assign assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks for the client
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging the client to gradually resume self-care tasks with frequent rest periods is the best strategy to promote self-care for a client who experienced an acute myocardial infarction and is experiencing fatigue. This approach helps the client regain independence while managing fatigue. Asking family members to assist with all self-care tasks (Choice A) may hinder the client's independence. Instructing the client to remain in bed until fully rested (Choice C) may lead to deconditioning and dependency. Assigning assistive personnel to complete self-care tasks for the client (Choice D) does not empower the client to regain independence or actively participate in self-care.
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