ATI LPN
Fundamentals of Nursing LPN
1. A client has a new diagnosis of hypertension, and the nurse is teaching them about the DASH diet. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. You should increase your intake of fruits and vegetables.
- D. You should decrease your intake of whole grains.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The DASH diet, recommended for managing hypertension, emphasizes increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables. These food groups are rich in essential nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants, which can help lower blood pressure levels and promote overall cardiovascular health.
2. A patient with generalized anxiety disorder is being taught about buspirone. Which statement indicates the patient needs further teaching?
- A. I should take this medication consistently rather than on an as-needed basis.
- B. It may take a few weeks to feel the full effect of this medication.
- C. This medication has a lower risk of dependency compared to benzodiazepines.
- D. I should avoid drinking alcohol while taking this medication.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because buspirone is not meant to be taken on an as-needed basis. It should be taken consistently to achieve optimal effectiveness in managing generalized anxiety disorder. Taking it as needed may lead to inadequate symptom control and reduced therapeutic benefits.
3. A client is receiving continuous enteral feedings. Which of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
- A. Monitor intake and output every 8 hours.
- B. Flush the feeding tube every 4 hours.
- C. Measure the client's temperature every 24 hours.
- D. Change the feeding bag and tubing every 72 hours.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Flush the feeding tube every 4 hours. Flushing the feeding tube every 4 hours is essential to maintain patency and prevent clogging, ensuring the client receives the prescribed enteral nutrition without interruption. This intervention helps prevent complications such as tube occlusion. Monitoring intake and output is important for assessing the client's hydration status but does not directly address tube patency. Measuring the client's temperature is essential for monitoring for signs of infection but is not directly related to tube maintenance. Changing the feeding bag and tubing every 72 hours is important for infection control but does not address tube patency.
4. A healthcare professional is assessing a client who has a new prescription for enalapril. Which of the following findings should the professional report to the provider?
- A. Frequent urination
- B. Dry cough
- C. Tremors
- D. Dizziness
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Dry cough. A dry cough is a common side effect of enalapril that can indicate the development of angioedema or potentially life-threatening angioedema. An onset of dry cough should be reported to the provider promptly as it may require discontinuation of the medication to prevent further complications. Frequent urination, tremors, and dizziness are not typically associated with enalapril use and are less likely to be of immediate concern compared to a dry cough in this context.
5. A client who has a new prescription for simvastatin is receiving teaching from a nurse. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will take this medication in the morning.
- B. I should avoid drinking grapefruit juice while taking this medication.
- C. I should expect my cholesterol levels to increase initially.
- D. I will need to have my kidney function checked every 3 months.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Grapefruit juice can increase the risk of toxicity with simvastatin, so clients should avoid consuming it while on the medication. Choice A is incorrect because the timing of medication administration should be based on healthcare provider instructions. Choice C is incorrect because simvastatin is prescribed to lower cholesterol levels. Choice D is incorrect as monitoring kidney function is not specifically related to simvastatin therapy.
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