ATI LPN
ATI Comprehensive Predictor PN
1. When reviewing the medical record of a client with dementia, what should the nurse prioritize addressing?
- A. Mild confusion in the morning
- B. Restlessness and agitation
- C. Incontinence
- D. Frequent wandering at night
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When caring for clients with dementia, addressing restlessness and agitation is a priority as it can lead to distress, safety risks, and potential harm to the client or others. Restlessness and agitation are common behavioral symptoms of dementia and can indicate unmet needs, discomfort, or confusion. Managing these symptoms promptly can help improve the client's quality of life and prevent complications such as falls, injuries, or escalation of challenging behaviors. While other issues like mild confusion, incontinence, and wandering are also important to address, managing restlessness and agitation takes precedence due to its immediate impact on the client's well-being and safety.
2. A client with active tuberculosis is receiving discharge instructions. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will continue taking my isoniazid until I am no longer contagious.
- B. I should take my prescribed medication for at least 6 months.
- C. I will need to have a TB skin test every 3 months.
- D. I should wear a mask at all times.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the client should take antitubercular medications for a minimum of 6 months to ensure complete eradication of the infection. Choice A is incorrect as stopping the medication early can result in treatment failure and development of drug-resistant TB. Choice C is incorrect as regular TB skin tests are not needed once the client has been diagnosed and treated. Choice D is incorrect as wearing a mask at all times is not necessary for a client with active TB; proper cough etiquette should be followed instead.
3. How can pain in a post-operative patient be managed effectively?
- A. Administer analgesics as prescribed
- B. Encourage deep breathing exercises
- C. Provide distractions
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Managing pain in a post-operative patient requires a multimodal approach, which includes both pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies. Administering analgesics as prescribed helps in controlling pain pharmacologically. Encouraging deep breathing exercises can aid in pain management by promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety. Providing distractions, such as music or activities, can help divert the patient's attention from pain. Therefore, all the given options are essential components of an effective pain management plan for post-operative patients.
4. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is being taught by a nurse about measures to improve breathing. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity
- B. Breathe deeply and quickly during exercise
- C. Avoid using the incentive spirometer
- D. Avoid physical activity to conserve energy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct instruction the nurse should include is to 'Use pursed-lip breathing during physical activity.' Pursed-lip breathing is a technique that helps improve breathing efficiency in individuals with COPD by preventing airway collapse and allowing for better air exchange. Choice B is incorrect because breathing deeply and quickly can lead to hyperventilation and worsen symptoms in COPD patients. Choice C is incorrect because the incentive spirometer is a device used to encourage deep breathing and improve lung function, so it should not be avoided. Choice D is incorrect because physical activity is important for maintaining overall health and should be encouraged in a controlled and appropriate manner for individuals with COPD.
5. How do you assess for dehydration in a pediatric patient?
- A. Check for dry mouth and decreased urine output
- B. Monitor skin turgor and capillary refill
- C. Assess for lethargy and irritability
- D. Monitor blood pressure and heart rate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct! When assessing for dehydration in a pediatric patient, checking for dry mouth and decreased urine output are crucial indicators. Dry mouth indicates reduced fluid intake or dehydration, while decreased urine output suggests decreased renal perfusion secondary to dehydration. Skin turgor and capillary refill are more indicative of perfusion status rather than dehydration specifically. Lethargy and irritability can be present in dehydrated patients but are more general signs of illness. Monitoring blood pressure and heart rate are important in assessing dehydration severity but are not the initial signs used for assessment.
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