ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2020
1. A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results for a client who has Cushing's disease. The nurse should expect the client to have an increase in which of the following laboratory values?
- A. Serum glucose level.
- B. Serum calcium level.
- C. Lymphocyte count.
- D. Serum potassium level.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Serum glucose level. In Cushing's disease, there is an excess production of cortisol, leading to hyperglycemia. This results in an increase in serum glucose levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because Cushing's disease does not directly affect serum calcium levels, lymphocyte count, or serum potassium levels.
2. What are the risk factors for developing pneumonia in older adults?
- A. Immobility and decreased lung function
- B. Poor hygiene and aspiration
- C. Use of respiratory equipment and medications
- D. Poor nutritional status and compromised immune system
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Immobility and decreased lung function. Older adults with immobility and decreased lung function are at a higher risk of developing pneumonia. Immobility can lead to decreased lung expansion and impaired clearance of secretions, predisposing to pneumonia. While poor hygiene, aspiration, use of respiratory equipment, medications, poor nutritional status, and compromised immune system can also contribute to pneumonia risk, they are not as directly associated with pneumonia in older adults as immobility and decreased lung function.
3. A nurse is preparing to administer IV furosemide. Which of the following should the nurse monitor for during the infusion?
- A. Increased urinary output
- B. Ototoxicity
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypoglycemia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that works by increasing the excretion of water and electrolytes, particularly potassium. Therefore, the nurse should monitor for hypokalemia, as low potassium levels can lead to various complications such as cardiac dysrhythmias. Choice A, increased urinary output, is an expected effect of furosemide due to its diuretic action but is not a side effect needing monitoring. Ototoxicity (Choice B) is a potential adverse effect of other medications like aminoglycoside antibiotics, not furosemide. Hypoglycemia (Choice D) is not a common side effect associated with furosemide administration.
4. A nurse is teaching a client about the use of pantoprazole. Which of the following should be included?
- A. It should be taken on an empty stomach
- B. It reduces stomach acid production
- C. It can cause headache
- D. It should not be used with other antacids
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct information to include when teaching a client about pantoprazole is that it can cause headaches. Option A is incorrect because pantoprazole is usually taken before meals. Option B is not necessary information for the client to know. Option D is not directly related to the side effects of pantoprazole.
5. A client with a new diagnosis of hyperlipidemia is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will decrease my intake of fiber.
- B. I will increase my intake of red meat.
- C. I will decrease my intake of saturated fats.
- D. I will increase my intake of salt.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Decreasing saturated fats is essential in managing hyperlipidemia. Saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol levels, contributing to the condition. By reducing intake of saturated fats, the client can help lower their cholesterol levels and improve their overall lipid profile. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Decreasing fiber intake (Choice A) is not recommended as fiber can help lower cholesterol levels. Increasing red meat intake (Choice B) is not advisable as red meat is often high in saturated fats. Increasing salt intake (Choice D) is unrelated to managing hyperlipidemia and can even be detrimental due to its association with high blood pressure.
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