Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about home care for conjunctivitis with the parent of a school-age child. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

• A. Use a separate washcloth for the child
• B. Apply cold compresses to the eyes
• C. Apply warm compresses to the eyes
• D. Keep the child home until symptoms have resolved

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is to use a separate washcloth for the child. This is important to prevent the spread of infection when a child has conjunctivitis. Using the same washcloth can lead to cross-contamination and further spread of the condition. Applying cold or warm compresses may provide comfort but do not address the prevention of spreading the infection. Keeping the child home until symptoms have resolved may be necessary, but the primary focus should be on preventing the spread of the infection within the household.

2. Which of the following findings indicates a need for immediate attention in a client diagnosed with delirium?

• A. Confusion and disorientation that resolve with rest
• B. A blood pressure reading of 110/70
• C. Irritability and agitation that worsen throughout the day
• D. Mild confusion during the evening hours

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Irritability and agitation that worsen throughout the day. These symptoms are concerning in a client diagnosed with delirium as they may indicate an exacerbation of the condition or an underlying cause that requires immediate attention. Option A describes symptoms that resolve with rest, which may not be as urgent. Option B provides a normal blood pressure reading, which is not typically associated with immediate attention in delirium cases. Option D describes mild confusion during specific hours, which may not be as critical as worsening symptoms throughout the day.

3. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is taking furosemide. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

• A. Potassium level of 3.8 mEq/L
• B. Sodium level of 135 mEq/L
• C. Magnesium level of 1.6 mEq/L
• D. Calcium level of 8.5 mg/dL

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. A magnesium level of 1.6 mEq/L is within the normal range, but monitoring potassium levels is crucial for clients taking furosemide. Furosemide can cause hypokalemia (low potassium levels), which can lead to adverse effects such as cardiac dysrhythmias. Sodium and calcium levels are not typically affected by furosemide, so they are not the priority findings to report to the provider in this case.

4. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has diabetes mellitus and is receiving insulin. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

• A. Hemoglobin A1c of 6%
• B. Fasting blood glucose of 90 mg/dL
• C. Blood glucose of 200 mg/dL
• D. Blood glucose of 100 mg/dL

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A blood glucose level of 200 mg/dL indicates hyperglycemia and should be reported for potential insulin adjustment.

5. What are key signs of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in older adults?

• A. Confusion and increased temperature
• B. Painful urination and frequent urination
• C. Dizziness and headache
• D. Back pain and fever

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In older adults, key signs of a UTI often include confusion and increased temperature. Confusion is a common symptom in the elderly when they have a UTI, and an increase in body temperature can indicate an infection. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while painful urination and frequent urination are common UTI symptoms in general, they may not be as prominent in older adults. Dizziness, headache, back pain, and fever can be associated with other conditions but are not typically key signs of a UTI in older adults.

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