ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2024
1. A nurse is reinforcing teaching about ways to reduce solid fat consumption with a client who has an elevated cholesterol level. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Use oils with trans fats
- B. Choose lean cuts of beef
- C. Avoid purchasing beef that is a loin cut
- D. Purchase chicken instead of lamb
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Choose lean cuts of beef.' Selecting lean cuts of beef is crucial in reducing solid fat consumption for individuals with high cholesterol levels. Lean cuts contain less saturated fat compared to fatty cuts, thus aiding in managing cholesterol levels. Option A is incorrect as oils with trans fats should be avoided since they contribute to unhealthy fats. Option C is not directly related to reducing solid fat consumption. Option D, while suggesting a leaner meat option, does not address the issue of solid fat consumption as directly as choosing lean cuts of beef.
2. Which mineral helps strengthen tooth enamel and prevent dental caries?
- A. Calcium
- B. Phosphorus
- C. Fluoride
- D. Zinc
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Fluoride. Fluoride is a mineral known for its ability to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent dental caries. While calcium (Choice A) is essential for strong bones and teeth, it is not specifically known for preventing dental caries. Phosphorus (Choice B) is crucial for bone health but is not directly associated with preventing dental caries. Zinc (Choice D) is not typically recognized for strengthening tooth enamel or preventing dental caries.
3. A 55-year-old man presents with jaundice, pruritus, and dark urine. Laboratory tests reveal elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Imaging shows dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and a normal common bile duct. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Primary biliary cirrhosis
- B. Primary sclerosing cholangitis
- C. Gallstones
- D. Pancreatic cancer
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The clinical presentation of jaundice, pruritus, dark urine, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase, along with imaging findings of dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and a normal common bile duct, are characteristic of primary biliary cirrhosis. Primary biliary cirrhosis is an autoimmune liver disease that leads to destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts, causing cholestasis and liver damage. This condition typically presents in middle-aged women but can also affect men, as seen in this case.
4. The mother of a 9-month-old who was diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) yesterday calls the clinic to inquire if it will be all right to take her infant to the first birthday party of a friend's child the following day. What response should the nurse provide this mother?
- A. The child can be around other children but should wear a mask at all times.
- B. The child will no longer be contagious, no need to take any further precautions.
- C. Make sure there are no children under the age of 6 months around the infected child.
- D. Do not expose other children. RSV is very contagious even without direct oral contact.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct response is to advise the mother not to expose other children to the infected child. RSV is highly contagious, and transmission can occur even without direct oral contact. It is crucial to prevent the spread of the virus to protect other children from getting infected.
5. How should a healthcare professional manage a patient with fluid overload?
- A. Restrict fluids and administer diuretics
- B. Increase fluid intake and provide oral diuretics
- C. Administer antibiotics and monitor weight
- D. Monitor weight and provide a low-sodium diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Corrected Question: When managing a patient with fluid overload, the appropriate approach involves restricting fluids and administering diuretics. This strategy helps remove excess fluid from the body and prevent complications associated with fluid overload. Choice B suggesting increasing fluid intake is incorrect as it would worsen the condition. Choice C, administering antibiotics, is unrelated to managing fluid overload. Choice D, monitoring weight and providing a low-sodium diet, is helpful but not as effective as fluid restriction and diuretics in managing fluid overload.
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