ATI LPN
ATI Comprehensive Predictor PN
1. A nurse is receiving change-of-shift report for four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse see first?
- A. A client with pneumonia who had new onset of confusion
- B. A client with diabetes who had low blood sugar overnight
- C. A client with a leg fracture who needs pain medication
- D. A client whose urinary output was 100 mL for the past 12 hours
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. New confusion in a client with pneumonia could indicate hypoxia or a worsening condition, requiring immediate attention. Option B, a client with diabetes having low blood sugar overnight, is a concerning condition but not as urgent as potential hypoxia. Option C, a client with a leg fracture needing pain medication, and option D, a client with decreased urinary output, are important but do not take precedence over addressing a potentially critical respiratory issue.
2. The public health nurse is the supervisor of rural health midwives. Which of the following is a supervisory function of the public health nurse?
- A. Referring cases or patients to the midwife
- B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife
- C. Providing nursing care to cases referred by the midwife
- D. Formulating and implementing training programs for midwives
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife is a key supervisory function of the public health nurse. This guidance helps the midwife in delivering care to clients effectively, especially in adhering to management guidelines such as those in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. While options A, C, and D involve various aspects of support and collaboration, providing technical guidance aligns directly with the supervisory role of ensuring quality and consistency in the care provided by midwives.
3. An 89-year-old male client complains to the nurse that people are whispering behind his back and mumbling when they talk to him. What age-related condition is likely to be occurring with this client?
- A. Delirium
- B. Presbyopia
- C. Presbycusis
- D. Cerebral dysfunction
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, Presbycusis. Presbycusis is age-related hearing loss that often affects the ability to hear high-pitched sounds, making speech appear mumbled. This condition is common in older adults and can lead to difficulties in understanding conversations, as in the case of the client complaining about people whispering and mumbling.
4. What are the key differences between viral and bacterial infections?
- A. Viral infections typically last longer than bacterial infections.
- B. Bacterial infections typically cause high fever.
- C. Both bacterial and viral infections cause rashes.
- D. Viral infections cause sudden onset of symptoms.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Viral infections typically last longer than bacterial infections. This is because viral infections often require the body's immune system to fight off the virus, leading to a longer duration of illness. Bacterial infections, on the other hand, often cause a rapid onset of symptoms due to the toxins produced by bacteria. Choice B is incorrect because not all bacterial infections cause high fever. Choice C is incorrect because rashes can be caused by both bacterial and viral infections, but not always. Choice D is incorrect because while some viral infections may cause a sudden onset of symptoms, it is not a key distinguishing factor between viral and bacterial infections.
5. A child is being admitted to the hospital for probable pneumonia. The nurse asks what the parents have done at home for this illness. The parent comments that they have given the child a tea made up of herbs that a neighbor recommended. The parents ask if that is a safe thing to do. The most appropriate response for the nurse is:
- A. Sure, if it doesn't make the child worse, it could help.
- B. Of course, teas are rarely harmful.
- C. It might be safe for adults, but research might not have been conducted on the effects on children.
- D. Absolutely not, herbal teas are not appropriate for children.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most appropriate response is C: 'It might be safe for adults, but research might not have been conducted on the effects on children.' This response acknowledges the potential differences in the effects of herbal teas on adults versus children and highlights the importance of considering the lack of specific research on this topic when it comes to pediatric care. Choice A is incorrect because assuming something is safe without evidence can be risky in a pediatric setting. Choice B is also incorrect as it oversimplifies the safety of herbal teas. Choice D is too definitive and does not consider the possibility that herbal teas might have different effects on children than on adults.
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