ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology Practice Test
1. A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. Avoid using a soft toothbrush.
- B. Report any signs of bleeding.
- C. Increase your intake of leafy green vegetables.
- D. Take the medication with food.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Report any signs of bleeding.' When a patient is prescribed warfarin, it is essential to monitor for signs of bleeding as warfarin is an anticoagulant that increases the risk of bleeding. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Avoid using a soft toothbrush is not directly related to warfarin therapy, increasing the intake of leafy green vegetables can interfere with warfarin's effectiveness due to its vitamin K content, and taking warfarin with food is unnecessary as it can be taken with or without food.
2. A healthcare provider is providing teaching to a client regarding protein intake. Which of the following foods should the healthcare provider include as an example of an incomplete protein?
- A. Eggs
- B. Soybeans
- C. Lentils
- D. Yogurt
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lentils. Incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids required for protein synthesis in the body. Examples of incomplete proteins include lentils, vegetables, grains, nuts, and seeds. Lentils, a plant-based protein source, are considered incomplete as they do not contain all essential amino acids in sufficient amounts. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as eggs, soybeans, and yogurt are examples of complete proteins, containing all essential amino acids in the right proportions for the body's needs.
3. What instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching for a patient with hypothyroidism prescribed levothyroxine?
- A. Take the medication with meals.
- B. Take the medication in the morning on an empty stomach.
- C. Discontinue the medication if you feel better.
- D. Double the dose if a dose is missed.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct instruction for a patient with hypothyroidism prescribed levothyroxine is to take the medication in the morning on an empty stomach to enhance absorption. Taking it with meals can interfere with absorption. Patients should not discontinue the medication without consulting their healthcare provider as it can lead to adverse effects. Doubling the dose if a dose is missed can increase the risk of side effects and overdosage. It is crucial for patients to follow the prescribed dosing schedule and consult their healthcare provider for any concerns or missed doses.
4. A client with a history of myocardial infarction (MI) is being discharged with a prescription for nitroglycerin sublingual tablets. Which instruction should the nurse reinforce?
- A. Store the tablets in a cool, dry place away from light.
- B. Take a tablet every 5 minutes if chest pain occurs.
- C. Place the tablets under the tongue for sublingual absorption.
- D. Take the tablets without water for faster effect.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Nitroglycerin tablets are light and moisture-sensitive, so they should be stored in a cool, dry place away from light to maintain their effectiveness. Option B advises taking a tablet every 5 minutes, which may lead to overdose as this frequency is too high. Option C emphasizes the correct administration route for sublingual tablets. Option D is incorrect as water is not needed for the tablets to take effect.
5. A client with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is scheduled for hemodialysis. Which pre-dialysis assessment finding should the nurse report to the healthcare provider?
- A. Serum potassium of 5.5 mEq/L.
- B. Blood pressure of 180/90 mm Hg.
- C. Heart rate of 80 beats per minute.
- D. Serum sodium of 140 mEq/L.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. A blood pressure of 180/90 mm Hg is elevated and should be reported to the healthcare provider before hemodialysis. Hypertension can have a significant impact on the effectiveness and safety of the dialysis treatment. Controlling blood pressure before the procedure is crucial to prevent complications during the dialysis session.
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