Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new prescription for a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which of the following statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will shake the inhaler before use.
• B. I will breathe out forcefully after inhaling the medication.
• C. I will take the medication with food.
• D. I will use a spacer with the inhaler.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I will shake the inhaler before use.' Shaking the inhaler before use is crucial to ensure proper mixing of the medication inside the inhaler. This action helps to disperse the medication evenly, allowing for consistent dosing during inhalation. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Breathing out forcefully after inhaling the medication, taking the medication with food, and using a spacer with the inhaler are not related to the correct use of a metered-dose inhaler. These actions may not lead to optimal medication delivery and do not demonstrate an understanding of the proper technique for using an MDI.

2. A healthcare provider is planning care for a client who has a pressure ulcer. Which of the following actions should the healthcare provider take?

• A. Massage the reddened area.
• B. Apply a heating pad to the area.
• C. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees.
• D. Reposition the client every 2 hours.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Repositioning the client every 2 hours is crucial in preventing pressure ulcers from worsening. This action helps relieve pressure on specific areas, improving circulation and reducing the risk of tissue damage. Massaging the reddened area can further damage the skin, applying heat can increase the risk of skin breakdown, and elevating the head of the bed to 45 degrees may not directly address the pressure ulcer prevention. Proper positioning is essential to avoid prolonged pressure on the affected areas and promote healing.

3. A client with hypothyroidism is being taught about dietary management. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of iodine-rich foods.
• B. I should decrease my intake of iodine-rich foods.
• C. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
• D. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Increasing intake of iodine-rich foods is beneficial for clients with hypothyroidism as iodine is essential for thyroid hormone synthesis. Adequate iodine intake helps to support thyroid function in individuals with hypothyroidism, making choice A the most appropriate response indicating an understanding of the dietary management for this condition. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because decreasing iodine-rich foods, increasing potassium-rich foods, or decreasing sodium-rich foods are not the recommended dietary modifications for hypothyroidism. In fact, decreasing iodine-rich foods could exacerbate hypothyroidism due to the essential role of iodine in thyroid hormone production.

4. When providing teaching to a client with a new prescription for digoxin, which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

• A. Take your pulse before taking the medication.
• B. Take the medication with an antacid.
• C. Double the dose if you miss one.
• D. Take the medication with a high-fiber meal.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction for a client with a new prescription for digoxin is to take their pulse before taking the medication. Digoxin can lead to bradycardia as a side effect, and monitoring the pulse helps in assessing the heart rate prior to medication administration. This precaution allows for the identification of any significant changes in heart rate that may require medical attention.

5. A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is being taught about lifestyle changes. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should limit your alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day.
• B. You should increase your sodium intake to at least 2,300 mg per day.
• C. You should limit your physical activity to avoid increasing your blood pressure.
• D. You should avoid eating dairy products to help lower your blood pressure.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct statement to include in teaching a client with hypertension is to limit alcohol intake to no more than one drink per day. Excessive alcohol consumption can raise blood pressure and lead to complications. Increasing sodium intake, limiting physical activity, and avoiding dairy products are not recommended for managing hypertension. Clients with hypertension should follow a heart-healthy diet low in sodium, engage in regular physical activity, and monitor their blood pressure regularly to control hypertension effectively.

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