ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. A healthcare professional is preparing to perform nasotracheal suctioning for a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Suction during inhalation.
- B. Apply intermittent suction during insertion.
- C. Place the client in a supine position.
- D. Insert the catheter while the client is inhaling.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Inserting the catheter while the client is inhaling helps to align the trachea and vocal cords, reducing the risk of trauma to the respiratory tract. This technique also facilitates easier passage of the catheter into the trachea, enhancing the effectiveness of the suctioning procedure.
2. A client with atrial fibrillation is prescribed warfarin (Coumadin). The nurse should reinforce which dietary instruction?
- A. Avoid foods high in vitamin K.
- B. Increase intake of dairy products.
- C. Limit intake of foods high in fiber.
- D. Increase protein intake.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid foods high in vitamin K. Clients taking warfarin (Coumadin) should maintain a consistent intake of vitamin K to keep the medication's effectiveness stable. Foods high in vitamin K, such as leafy greens, can interfere with the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. Therefore, it is crucial for clients to avoid these foods to ensure the therapeutic effects of warfarin. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing dairy products, limiting fiber intake, or increasing protein intake do not directly impact the effectiveness of warfarin therapy and are not necessary dietary modifications for clients on this medication.
3. A client admitted with a diagnosis of sepsis has a central venous pressure (CVP) of 15 mm Hg. What should the nurse do first?
- A. Administer a fluid bolus of 500 ml.
- B. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
- C. Administer a diuretic.
- D. Continue to monitor the CVP.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A CVP of 15 mm Hg is higher than normal, indicating possible fluid overload or heart failure, which needs immediate attention. Notifying the healthcare provider is crucial as they can evaluate the client's condition, order appropriate interventions, and prevent potential complications.
4. Which professional organization was the first to focus on licensed practical nurses (LPNs)?
- A. National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Services (NAPNES)
- B. National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)
- C. National League for Nursing (NLN)
- D. American Nurses Association (ANA)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Services (NAPNES) was the first professional organization to focus on LPNs. NAPNES remains active today, providing continuing education opportunities and publications specifically tailored for LPNs, making it the correct answer. The other options, the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN), National League for Nursing (NLN), and American Nurses Association (ANA), do not primarily focus on licensed practical nurses, making them incorrect choices.
5. A client with chronic kidney disease is about to start hemodialysis. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Increase protein intake between dialysis sessions
- B. Reduce potassium intake
- C. Avoid iron supplements
- D. Expect weight gain after each dialysis session
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to instruct the client to reduce potassium intake. Clients with chronic kidney disease should limit potassium intake to prevent hyperkalemia, as the kidneys may struggle to remove excess potassium. Increasing protein intake between dialysis sessions (Choice A) is not recommended as it can increase urea production, adding to the workload of the kidneys. Avoiding iron supplements (Choice C) is not necessary unless iron levels are high. Expecting weight gain after each dialysis session (Choice D) is incorrect as patients typically experience weight loss due to fluid removal during dialysis.
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