Nursing Elites

1. A client has tuberculosis, and the nurse is planning care. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse implement?

• A. Protective environment
• B. Contact
• C. Airborne
• D. Droplet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Airborne. Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air, making it an airborne disease. Airborne precautions are crucial to prevent the spread of tuberculosis to others. These precautions include placing the client in a negative pressure room, wearing an N95 respirator mask, and ensuring proper ventilation to minimize the risk of transmission to healthcare workers and other clients. Choice A, Protective environment, is used for clients with compromised immune systems. Choice B, Contact precautions, are used for diseases spread by direct or indirect contact. Choice D, Droplet precautions, are for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets, like influenza or pertussis.

2. A client with a new diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should avoid foods that contain carbohydrates.
• B. You should decrease your intake of high-fiber foods.
• C. You should increase your intake of high-protein foods.
• D. You should monitor your carbohydrate intake.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'You should monitor your carbohydrate intake.' Monitoring carbohydrate intake is essential for managing blood glucose levels in clients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. By monitoring carbohydrate intake, individuals can make informed decisions about their dietary choices and better control their blood sugar levels. Avoiding foods that contain carbohydrates (choice A) is not advisable as carbohydrates are an essential nutrient that can be consumed in moderation. Decreasing intake of high-fiber foods (choice B) is not recommended as fiber is beneficial for glycemic control and overall health. Increasing intake of high-protein foods (choice C) is not the primary focus of dietary management for type 2 diabetes; while protein is important, it is more crucial to monitor carbohydrate intake for effective blood sugar management.

3. A client has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?

• A. Pickles
• B. Canned soup
• C. Fresh fruits
• D. Smoked salmon

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fresh fruits are naturally low in sodium, making them a suitable choice for a low-sodium diet. They provide essential nutrients and are a healthy option for individuals who need to limit their sodium intake. Pickles (Choice A) and canned soup (Choice B) are typically high in sodium and should be avoided in a low-sodium diet. Smoked salmon (Choice D) is also usually high in sodium due to the smoking process, so it is not a recommended choice for a low-sodium diet.

4. A client receives discharge teaching on a new prescription for lisinopril. Which of the following instructions should be included?

• A. Avoid foods high in potassium.
• B. Take the medication with food.
• C. Increase your intake of salt.
• D. Take the medication at bedtime.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct instruction that should be included when a client receives discharge teaching on a new prescription for lisinopril is to 'Avoid foods high in potassium.' Lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, can lead to hyperkalemia by reducing potassium excretion. Therefore, clients taking lisinopril should be advised to avoid foods high in potassium to prevent potential complications associated with elevated potassium levels. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because taking lisinopril with food, increasing salt intake, or taking the medication at bedtime are not specific instructions related to lisinopril therapy and may not be beneficial or necessary for the client's condition.

5. What is the primary goal of palliative care?

• A. To cure the client's illness.
• B. To prolong the client's life.
• C. To provide comfort and improve the quality of life.
• D. To prepare the client for surgery.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of palliative care is to provide comfort and improve the quality of life for clients with serious illnesses. Palliative care aims to address physical, emotional, and spiritual needs to enhance overall well-being rather than focusing on curing the underlying illness, prolonging life, or preparing for surgery. It emphasizes symptom management, pain relief, and support for patients and their families to ensure a better quality of life during the course of their illness.

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