ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. What action should a healthcare provider take for a client with a new colostomy?
- A. Empty the colostomy bag when it is half full.
- B. Place aspirin in the colostomy bag to decrease odor.
- C. Use sterile technique when caring for the stoma.
- D. Change the pouch every 8 hours.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Emptying the colostomy bag when it is half full is crucial to prevent leakage and detachment from the skin. This practice helps to maintain the integrity of the colostomy system, reducing the risk of skin irritation and odor. It is essential for client comfort and overall stoma care.
2. What percentage of total body surface area has been burned in a 5-year-old child who experienced partial-thickness burns to his head, anterior chest, and both upper extremities?
- A. 45%
- B. 63%
- C. 72%
- D. 54%
Correct answer: A
Rationale: According to the pediatric rule of nines, the head and neck represent 18%, the anterior chest and abdomen 18%, and each arm 9%. By adding these percentages (18% + 18% + 9% + 9% = 45%), we find that 45% of the total body surface area has been burned in this child.
3. It has been generally accepted that the percentage of total daily calories supplied by fats should be no more than:
- A. 10% to 15%.
- B. 10% to 35%.
- C. 20% to 35%.
- D. 40% to 55%.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The recommended fat intake is between 20% to 35% of total daily calories. This range is considered optimal for maintaining a healthy diet. Choice A (10% to 15%) is too low and might not provide enough essential fats for the body. Choice B (10% to 35%) includes an upper limit that exceeds the generally accepted range. Choice D (40% to 55%) suggests a fat intake that is higher than what is recommended, which could lead to health issues if consumed regularly.
4. A nurse is contributing to the plan of care for a client following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?
- A. Administer antibiotics
- B. Irrigate the bladder using sterile technique
- C. Avoid irrigating the bladder
- D. Insert a urinary catheter
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Irrigating the bladder using sterile technique is crucial in the care of a client following a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). This intervention helps prevent infection and maintains patency of the urinary catheter, promoting healing. Administering antibiotics (Choice A) may be necessary if there is an infection present, but it is not a routine intervention following TURP. Avoiding bladder irrigation (Choice C) is not recommended as it can lead to clot retention and other complications. Inserting a urinary catheter (Choice D) is usually already done during the TURP procedure and is not a postoperative intervention.
5. What intervention should the nurse encourage for a postpartum client complaining of perineal pain?
- A. Use of ice packs for the first 24 hours
- B. Application of heat packs immediately
- C. Avoiding the use of peri-bottles
- D. Using tampons to manage lochia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct intervention for perineal pain in a postpartum client is the use of ice packs for the first 24 hours. Ice packs help reduce swelling and discomfort in the perineal area, especially during the initial post-delivery period. Applying heat packs can exacerbate swelling and discomfort. Avoiding peri-bottles may lead to poor perineal hygiene. Using tampons is contraindicated postpartum as it increases the risk of infection.
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