ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Pharmacology 1 Quiz
1. A client with a history of seizures is being cared for by a nurse. Which of the following interventions should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Ensure the environment is safe
- B. Administer medications as prescribed
- C. Monitor for signs of infection
- D. Educate the client about triggers
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should prioritize ensuring the environment is safe for a client with a history of seizures. This intervention is crucial to prevent injury during a seizure. Administering medications as prescribed is important but ensuring a safe environment takes precedence to prevent harm. Monitoring for signs of infection and educating the client about triggers are also essential aspects of care but are not the priority when considering the immediate safety of the client during a seizure.
2. A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and constipation. Laboratory tests reveal low TSH and high free T4 levels. What is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Hyperthyroidism
- C. Thyroiditis
- D. Thyroid cancer
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The presentation of low TSH and high free T4 levels is characteristic of hyperthyroidism, which is consistent with the symptoms of fatigue, weight gain, and constipation described in the case. In hyperthyroidism, the thyroid gland produces an excess of thyroid hormone leading to a hypermetabolic state, which can manifest with these symptoms.
3. A nurse is caring for a client who has a prescription for metoprolol. For which of the following findings should the nurse withhold the medication?
- A. Heart rate 56/min.
- B. Oxygen saturation 93%.
- C. Respiratory rate 18/min.
- D. Blood pressure 118/74 mm Hg.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Heart rate 56/min. Metoprolol, a beta blocker, should be withheld if the client's heart rate is below 60/min to prevent further bradycardia. Choices B, C, and D are within normal ranges and do not indicate a need to withhold metoprolol.
4. How should a healthcare professional assess and manage a patient with ascites?
- A. Monitor abdominal girth and administer diuretics
- B. Administer pain relief and monitor fluid intake
- C. Restrict fluid intake and encourage bed rest
- D. Administer albumin and check electrolyte levels
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct! When managing a patient with ascites, monitoring abdominal girth is crucial as it helps assess the extent of fluid retention. Administering diuretics is also essential to help reduce fluid buildup in the body, thereby managing ascites effectively. Option B is incorrect as pain relief is not the primary intervention for ascites. Option C is incorrect as restricting fluid intake can worsen the condition by causing dehydration and further fluid imbalances. Option D is incorrect as administering albumin and checking electrolyte levels are not first-line interventions for managing ascites; these interventions may be considered in specific cases but are not the initial steps in managing ascites.
5. A healthcare professional is assessing a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which of the following interventions should the healthcare professional include in the plan of care?
- A. Apply ice packs to the affected extremity.
- B. Encourage ambulation every hour.
- C. Elevate the affected leg when in bed.
- D. Massage the affected area to improve circulation.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Elevating the affected leg is a crucial intervention in the care of a client with deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This position helps reduce swelling and promotes venous return, which can alleviate symptoms associated with DVT. Applying ice packs (Choice A) may worsen the condition by causing vasoconstriction. Encouraging ambulation (Choice B) can dislodge the clot and lead to fatal complications. Massaging the affected area (Choice D) can also dislodge the clot and is contraindicated in DVT.
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