ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Maternal Newborn
1. A client is experiencing urinary incontinence, and a nurse is providing care. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching plan for this client?
- A. Drink large amounts of water before bedtime
- B. Perform Kegel exercises regularly
- C. Limit fiber intake in the diet to avoid bowel irritation
- D. Increase intake of caffeinated and carbonated beverages
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct recommendation for a client experiencing urinary incontinence is to perform Kegel exercises regularly. These exercises help strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, improving bladder control and reducing urinary incontinence. Option A is incorrect because drinking large amounts of water before bedtime can worsen urinary incontinence by increasing urine production. Option C is incorrect as fiber is important for bowel health and limiting it may not be beneficial for the client. Option D is incorrect as caffeinated and carbonated beverages can irritate the bladder and worsen urinary incontinence, so they should be avoided.
2. In treating PTSD, which type of therapy is most commonly recommended?
- A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
- B. Psychoanalytic therapy
- C. Humanistic therapy
- D. Gestalt therapy
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most commonly recommended therapy for PTSD due to its effectiveness in helping patients identify and change negative thoughts and behaviors associated with trauma. This therapy focuses on providing practical coping strategies to manage symptoms and process traumatic experiences. Psychoanalytic therapy, humanistic therapy, and gestalt therapy are less commonly used for PTSD as they may not target the specific symptoms and cognitive distortions associated with this disorder.
3. A client has a prescription for ciprofloxacin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
- A. Take the medication with an antacid if you experience gastrointestinal upset.
- B. You should limit your caffeine intake while taking this medication.
- C. This medication may cause your urine to turn dark brown.
- D. You should avoid taking this medication with dairy products.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'You should avoid taking this medication with dairy products.' Ciprofloxacin should not be taken with dairy products as they can interfere with the absorption of the medication. Choice A is incorrect because ciprofloxacin should not be taken with antacids containing aluminum or magnesium. Choice B is incorrect as there is no specific limitation on caffeine intake associated with ciprofloxacin. Choice C is incorrect as ciprofloxacin does not typically cause urine to turn dark brown.
4. A nurse is assessing a client with pneumonia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Bradycardia
- B. Increased respiratory rate
- C. Decreased temperature
- D. Elevated blood pressure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased respiratory rate. In pneumonia, the body tries to compensate for the reduced ability to oxygenate the blood by increasing the respiratory rate. This helps to improve oxygen exchange. Bradycardia (Choice A) is not typically associated with pneumonia, as an increased heart rate is more common due to the stress on the body. Decreased temperature (Choice C) is not a typical finding in pneumonia, as infections usually cause a fever. Elevated blood pressure (Choice D) is not a common finding in pneumonia unless there are complications such as sepsis.
5. A client with liver cirrhosis is prescribed lactulose. What is the purpose of this medication?
- A. To lower blood sugar levels
- B. To reduce ammonia levels
- C. To treat liver inflammation
- D. To improve bile flow
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Lactulose is prescribed to reduce ammonia levels in clients with liver cirrhosis. Elevated ammonia levels can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, a serious complication of liver cirrhosis. Lactulose works by acidifying the colon, which in turn traps ammonia in the colon and helps its elimination from the body through stool, thereby reducing the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Choice A is incorrect because lactulose does not lower blood sugar levels. Choice C is incorrect as lactulose is not used to treat liver inflammation. Choice D is incorrect as lactulose does not improve bile flow.
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