ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Maternal Newborn
1. A nurse is caring for a client who is at 14 weeks of gestation and has hyperemesis gravidarum. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?
- A. Digoxin
- B. Calcium gluconate
- C. Vitamin B6
- D. Propranolol
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). Vitamin B6 is often used to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy, including hyperemesis gravidarum. It is considered safe for use in pregnant clients. Digoxin (Choice A) is a medication used for heart conditions, not for hyperemesis gravidarum. Calcium gluconate (Choice B) is used to treat calcium deficiencies, not nausea and vomiting in pregnancy. Propranolol (Choice D) is a beta-blocker used for conditions like hypertension and anxiety, not for hyperemesis gravidarum.
2. A healthcare professional is assessing a client for signs of dehydration. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional look for?
- A. Edema
- B. Dry mucous membranes
- C. Weight gain
- D. Increased urination
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Dry mucous membranes are a classic sign of dehydration. In dehydration, the body loses more water than it takes in, leading to dryness of mucous membranes like the mouth and throat. Edema (choice A) is swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues, which is not a typical sign of dehydration. Weight gain (choice C) is also not a common sign of dehydration; in fact, dehydration usually leads to weight loss. Increased urination (choice D) is more indicative of conditions like diabetes or diuretic use, not dehydration.
3. While receiving a change of shift report on a group of clients, which patient should the nurse assess first?
- A. The client who has a fractured femur and reports sharp chest pain.
- B. The client who has a fever and is receiving antibiotics.
- C. The client who has a urinary tract infection and reports pain with urination.
- D. The client who is scheduled for surgery in the afternoon.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should assess the client with a fractured femur and sharp chest pain first. Sharp chest pain in this client may indicate a pulmonary embolism, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate attention. The other options describe important patient conditions but do not pose an immediate threat to life like a potential pulmonary embolism does.
4. What is the healthcare provider's role in providing patient education about hypertension management?
- A. Encourage lifestyle modifications and medication adherence
- B. Advise patients to avoid physical activity
- C. Recommend a low-sodium diet
- D. Increase potassium in the diet
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Encourage lifestyle modifications and medication adherence. Patient education in hypertension management should focus on encouraging lifestyle changes like a healthy diet, exercise, stress management, and adherence to prescribed medications. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because advising patients to avoid physical activity, recommending a low-sodium diet, and increasing potassium intake, although related to hypertension management, do not encompass the comprehensive approach needed for effective patient education on this topic.
5. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Use a 1-inch needle.
- B. Stretch the skin at the injection site.
- C. Insert the needle at a 90-degree angle.
- D. Aspirate for blood return before injecting.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Aspirating for blood return before injecting is a crucial step in administering intramuscular injections. This action ensures that the needle is not in a blood vessel, reducing the risk of injecting medication into a blood vessel, which can lead to potential complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Using a longer 1-inch needle is often necessary for intramuscular injections to reach the muscle tissue properly. Stretching the skin is not recommended as it can cause unnecessary pain and tissue damage. Inserting the needle at a 90-degree angle is the preferred method for intramuscular injections to ensure proper medication delivery.
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