ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Adult Medical-Surgical 1 Quiz
1. A nurse is caring for a client who has dehydration. The client has a peripheral IV and has a prescription for an infusion of 0.9% sodium chloride 1,000 mL with 40 mEq potassium chloride to infuse over 1 hr. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Teach the client to report findings of IV extravasation
- B. Evaluate the patency of the IV
- C. Consult with the pharmacist about the prescription
- D. Verify the prescription with the provider
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The priority action is to verify the prescription with the provider. Verifying the prescription ensures patient safety by preventing fluid volume overload and dysrhythmias, which can result from infusing potassium too rapidly. Teaching the client about IV extravasation, evaluating IV patency, and consulting with the pharmacist are important but should come after verifying the prescription to ensure the ordered treatment is appropriate and safe for the client's condition.
2. A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client with dementia who frequently becomes agitated. What should the nurse prioritize?
- A. Investigate the client's fluid and electrolyte balance
- B. Investigate the client's recent medication changes
- C. Investigate recent changes in cognitive functioning
- D. Investigate the client's psychosocial environment
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to investigate the client's recent medication changes. In a client with dementia who frequently becomes agitated, medication changes can often be a significant factor contributing to their behavior. Checking recent medication changes can help identify if any specific medication is causing or exacerbating the agitation. Choice A about fluid and electrolyte balance is less likely to be the priority unless there are specific indications in the medical record. Choice C, investigating recent changes in cognitive functioning, may be important but addressing the agitation first is a more immediate concern. Choice D, investigating the client's psychosocial environment, is also important but may not directly address the immediate cause of the agitation as medication changes could.
3. In a system of care delivery in which RNs, LPNs, and unlicensed assistive personnel implement specific tasks like medication administration or personal hygiene for the entire nursing unit, what term describes this type of delivery system?
- A. Primary nursing
- B. Team nursing
- C. Functional nursing
- D. Total patient care
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Functional nursing is a care delivery model where tasks are divided among team members based on their respective roles. In this system, RNs, LPNs, and unlicensed assistive personnel are assigned specific tasks to carry out for the entire nursing unit, such as medication administration or personal hygiene duties. The other choices are incorrect: A) Primary nursing involves one nurse being responsible for all aspects of care for a group of patients, B) Team nursing involves a team of healthcare providers working together to provide care for a group of patients, and D) Total patient care refers to one nurse being responsible for all aspects of care for one patient.
4. A client has been prescribed lithium for bipolar disorder. Which of the following should the nurse teach the client to monitor for signs of toxicity?
- A. Nausea and vomiting
- B. Increased urination
- C. Tremors
- D. Blurred vision
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Tremors. Lithium toxicity can present with symptoms such as tremors, nausea, and blurred vision. Tremors are a common early sign of lithium toxicity and should be monitored closely. While nausea and vomiting can also occur with lithium toxicity, tremors are more specific to lithium toxicity. Increased urination is not typically associated with lithium toxicity, and blurred vision is less common compared to tremors in this context.
5. A nurse is reviewing discharge instructions with the parents of a newborn. Which of the following statements indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. We will place the baby on its back to sleep
- B. We will give the baby a pacifier at bedtime
- C. We will keep the baby's crib free of blankets and toys
- D. We will leave the baby's diaper off to prevent diaper rash
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Leaving the baby's diaper off to prevent diaper rash is not recommended because it increases the risk of infection. Proper diaper hygiene and frequent diaper changes are more effective in preventing diaper rash. Choices A, B, and C are correct as placing the baby on its back to sleep, giving the baby a pacifier at bedtime, and keeping the baby's crib free of blankets and toys are appropriate measures to ensure the newborn's safety and reduce the risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).
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