Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new prescription for a potassium-sparing diuretic. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?

• A. Bananas
• B. Oranges
• C. Spinach
• D. Apples

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Clients on potassium-sparing diuretics need to avoid high-potassium foods to prevent hyperkalemia. Apples are a low-potassium fruit, making them a suitable recommendation for clients on this type of diuretic. Bananas, oranges, and spinach are high-potassium foods that should be avoided by clients taking potassium-sparing diuretics to prevent complications such as hyperkalemia.

2. A healthcare provider is assessing a client who has anemia. Which of the following findings should the healthcare provider expect?

• A. Bradycardia.
• B. Pallor.
• C. Hypertension.
• D. Jaundice.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pallor is a common finding in clients with anemia due to decreased hemoglobin levels. Anemia leads to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity in the blood, resulting in pale skin and mucous membranes, which is known as pallor. Bradycardia, hypertension, and jaundice are typically not associated with anemia.

3. A client with gout is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of purine-rich foods.
• B. I should decrease my intake of purine-rich foods.
• C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
• D. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Decreasing the intake of purine-rich foods is essential in managing gout as purines break down into uric acid, contributing to gout symptoms. Increasing purine-rich foods would exacerbate the condition by increasing uric acid levels. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choices C and D are also incorrect as increasing sodium-rich foods (choice C) is not recommended for gout management, and decreasing potassium-rich foods (choice D) is unrelated to gout.

4. What action should a healthcare provider take for a client with a new colostomy?

• A. Empty the colostomy bag when it is half full.
• B. Place aspirin in the colostomy bag to decrease odor.
• C. Use sterile technique when caring for the stoma.
• D. Change the pouch every 8 hours.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Emptying the colostomy bag when it is half full is crucial to prevent leakage and detachment from the skin. This practice helps to maintain the integrity of the colostomy system, reducing the risk of skin irritation and odor. It is essential for client comfort and overall stoma care.

5. A client has a new diagnosis of renal calculi, and the nurse is teaching about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of calcium-rich foods.
• B. You should decrease your intake of calcium-rich foods.
• C. You should increase your intake of sodium-rich foods.
• D. You should decrease your intake of potassium-rich foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is to decrease the intake of calcium-rich foods when managing renal calculi. Calcium can contribute to the formation of stones in the kidneys, so reducing its intake can help prevent the development of new calculi and manage existing ones.

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