ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals of Nursing
1. Which of the following techniques should be used to insert an indwelling urinary catheter for a female client?
- A. Use sterile technique.
- B. Insert the catheter 2-3 inches into the urethra.
- C. Inflate the balloon after insertion.
- D. Lubricate the catheter tip before insertion.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Lubricating the catheter tip before insertion is crucial for female urinary catheterization. This step helps reduce discomfort for the patient and facilitates smooth catheter insertion into the urethra. Using sterile technique maintains asepsis during the procedure, inserting the catheter 2-3 inches ensures proper placement, and inflating the balloon after insertion secures the catheter in place without causing trauma. Proper technique is fundamental for patient comfort, preventing infection, and ensuring the success of the catheterization procedure.
2. When preparing to administer a controlled substance, which of the following actions is required?
- A. Check the client's identification bracelet.
- B. Check the client's allergy status.
- C. Have a second nurse witness disposal of the medication.
- D. Document the administration in the client's medical record.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When administering controlled substances, it is crucial to have a second nurse witness the disposal of the medication. This measure ensures proper handling, reduces the risk of diversion, and promotes compliance with regulations regarding controlled substances. Having a second nurse witness the disposal is a safeguard to maintain accountability and prevent any potential misuse or errors during the disposal process. Checking the client's identification bracelet and allergy status are important steps in medication administration but are not specifically required for controlled substances. Documenting the administration in the client's medical record is essential but does not specifically relate to the disposal of controlled substances.
3. A nurse receives a change-of-shift report. Which of the following clients should the nurse attend to first?
- A. A client who reports tingling in the fingers following a thyroidectomy
- B. A client who has dark, foul-smelling urine with a urine output of 320 mL in the last 8 hr
- C. A client who is in a long leg cast and reports cool feet bilaterally
- D. A client who has a productive cough and an oral temperature of 36°C (96.8°F)
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Cool feet bilaterally in a client with a long leg cast may indicate compromised circulation, which is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention. Choices A, B, and D do not present immediate life-threatening conditions. Tingling in the fingers following a thyroidectomy may indicate hypocalcemia but does not require immediate attention. Dark, foul-smelling urine with decreased urine output indicates a possible urinary tract infection or dehydration but can be addressed after attending to the client with compromised circulation. A productive cough and a normal oral temperature do not suggest an urgent condition compared to compromised circulation in a client with a long leg cast.
4. Which medication is often prescribed for patients with bipolar disorder to help stabilize mood?
- A. Sertraline
- B. Lithium
- C. Haloperidol
- D. Diazepam
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Lithium is the medication frequently prescribed to stabilize mood in patients with bipolar disorder. It helps to reduce the frequency and severity of manic episodes, making it a cornerstone in the treatment of bipolar disorder. Sertraline is an antidepressant commonly used for depression, while haloperidol and diazepam are not typically first-line treatments for bipolar disorder.
5. Which demographic tool may be used to describe the sex composition of the population?
- A. Sex ratio
- B. Sex proportion
- C. Population pyramid
- D. Any of these may be used
Correct answer: D
Rationale: To describe the sex composition of the population, both the sex ratio and sex proportion can be utilized. The sex ratio provides a numerical comparison of the number of males to females in a population, while the sex proportion expresses the relative number or percentage of males and females in a given population. On the other hand, a population pyramid is a graphical representation that shows the age and sex distribution of a population. Therefore, any of these tools may be used to analyze and present the sex composition of a population.
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