ATI LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. A healthcare professional is planning to collect a stool specimen for ova and parasites from a client with diarrhea. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take when collecting the specimen?
- A. Instruct the client to defecate into a clean container
- B. Transfer the specimen to a sterile container
- C. Refrigerate the collected specimen
- D. Place the stool specimen collection container in a biohazard bag
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When collecting a stool specimen for ova and parasites, it is essential to place the specimen collection container in a biohazard bag. This practice ensures proper handling of potentially infectious material and prevents contamination with microorganisms. The biohazard bag should be labeled with the client's information for easy identification and proper tracking throughout the testing process. Instructing the client to defecate into a clean container is incorrect as it may introduce contaminants. Transferring the specimen to a sterile container is unnecessary and can increase the risk of contamination. Refrigerating the collected specimen is also not recommended as it may alter the sample and affect the test results.
2. A client with heart failure who presents with dyspnea, bibasilar crackles, and frothy sputum should receive which dietary recommendation?
- A. Decrease protein intake.
- B. Reduce sodium intake.
- C. Increase fluid intake.
- D. Decrease calcium intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to reduce sodium intake. In heart failure, excess sodium can lead to fluid retention, exacerbating symptoms like dyspnea, bibasilar crackles, and frothy sputum. Therefore, reducing sodium intake is crucial in managing heart failure. Decreasing protein intake is not typically recommended in heart failure management. Increasing fluid intake would worsen the condition by further contributing to fluid overload. Decreasing calcium intake is not directly related to managing heart failure symptoms such as dyspnea, bibasilar crackles, and frothy sputum.
3. Which therapeutic approach is most effective for a patient with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
- A. Psychoanalytic therapy
- B. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
- C. Humanistic therapy
- D. Gestalt therapy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the most effective therapeutic approach for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). CBT helps individuals identify and modify negative thought patterns and behaviors that contribute to anxiety. It focuses on changing cognitive distortions and maladaptive behaviors, providing practical strategies to manage anxiety symptoms effectively. Numerous studies have shown the effectiveness of CBT in treating GAD by helping patients develop coping mechanisms and skills to address their anxiety. Choice A, Psychoanalytic therapy, is not the most effective for GAD as it primarily focuses on exploring unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences rather than providing immediate coping strategies. Choice C, Humanistic therapy, emphasizes personal growth and self-improvement, which may not directly target the specific symptoms of GAD. Choice D, Gestalt therapy, focuses on increasing self-awareness and personal responsibility, which might not address the cognitive distortions and behavioral patterns associated with GAD as directly as CBT does.
4. A healthcare professional is supervising a newly licensed colleague who is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which of the following actions by the newly licensed colleague requires intervention?
- A. Selecting a 25-gauge needle
- B. Administering the injection at a 45° angle
- C. Using the ventrogluteal site for the injection
- D. Aspirating for blood return before injecting the medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Administering an intramuscular injection at a 90° angle is essential for proper medication delivery into the muscle tissue. Injecting at a 45° angle is incorrect for intramuscular injections and is typically used for subcutaneous injections where the needle is inserted into the fatty tissue layer beneath the skin. Choice A is correct as selecting a 25-gauge needle is appropriate for an intramuscular injection. Choice C is also correct as the ventrogluteal site is a suitable site for intramuscular injections. Choice D is correct as aspirating for blood return is a necessary step to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel before injecting the medication.
5. A nurse is assessing a client for signs of hypokalemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse look for?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Weight gain
- C. Elevated blood pressure
- D. Increased thirst
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Muscle weakness is a classic sign of hypokalemia. Potassium plays a crucial role in muscle function, and low potassium levels can lead to muscle weakness. Weight gain, elevated blood pressure, and increased thirst are not typically associated with hypokalemia. Weight gain can be seen in conditions like fluid retention, elevated blood pressure can result from various causes, and increased thirst may be a symptom of conditions like diabetes.
Similar Questions
Access More Features
ATI Basic
- 50,000 Questions with answers
- All ATI courses Coverage
- 30 days access @ $69.99
ATI Basic
- 50,000 Questions with answers
- All ATI courses Coverage
- 90 days access @ $149.99