ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment 2020 B with NGN
1. A nurse is caring for a client receiving radiation treatments for cancer. The client states he is experiencing dryness, redness, and scaling at the treatment area. Which of the following should the nurse instruct the client to do?
- A. Sit in the sun for 15 minutes per day.
- B. Apply moist heat to the area twice daily.
- C. Liberally apply prescribed lotion to the area.
- D. Wash the affected area daily with antimicrobial soap.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The nurse should instruct the client to liberally apply prescribed lotion to the treatment area. Prescribed hydrating lotions help soothe and protect irradiated skin, reducing dryness, redness, and scaling. Sitting in the sun can further damage the skin. Applying moist heat may exacerbate the skin condition. Washing the area with antimicrobial soap can be too harsh and further irritate the skin.
2. A nurse is caring for a client who is hyperventilating and has the following ABG results: pH 7.50, PaCO2 29 mm Hg, and HCO3- 25 mEq/L. The nurse should recognize that the client has which of the following acid-base imbalances?
- A. Respiratory acidosis
- B. Respiratory alkalosis
- C. Metabolic acidosis
- D. Metabolic alkalosis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Respiratory alkalosis. In this scenario, the client is hyperventilating, leading to excessive elimination of carbon dioxide. As a result, the PaCO2 decreases, causing a decrease in hydrogen ion concentration and an increase in pH, resulting in respiratory alkalosis. Choice A, Respiratory acidosis, is incorrect because the ABG results show a low PaCO2, not an elevated one. Choices C and D, Metabolic acidosis and Metabolic alkalosis, do not align with the ABG results provided, which point towards a respiratory, not metabolic, imbalance.
3. The type of protein-energy malnutrition that results in edema, hypoalbuminemia, skin lesions, and fatty liver is:
- A. cachexia.
- B. marasmus.
- C. kwashiorkor.
- D. sarcopenia.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, skin lesions, and fatty liver. Edema is a key feature of kwashiorkor due to hypoalbuminemia, which leads to decreased oncotic pressure. Marasmus (choice B) is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency without significant protein deficiency, resulting in severe wasting. Cachexia (choice A) is a syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. Sarcopenia (choice D) is the age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
4. Which professional organization was the first to focus on licensed practical nurses (LPNs)?
- A. National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Services (NAPNES)
- B. National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN)
- C. National League for Nursing (NLN)
- D. American Nurses Association (ANA)
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Services (NAPNES) was the first professional organization to focus on LPNs. NAPNES remains active today, providing continuing education opportunities and publications specifically tailored for LPNs, making it the correct answer. The other options, the National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN), National League for Nursing (NLN), and American Nurses Association (ANA), do not primarily focus on licensed practical nurses, making them incorrect choices.
5. How should a healthcare professional assess a patient with a suspected infection?
- A. Monitor temperature and check for elevated white blood cells
- B. Monitor blood pressure and check for fever
- C. Assess for changes in mental status and monitor urine output
- D. Administer antibiotics and monitor for changes in mental status
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a patient with a suspected infection, it is crucial to monitor temperature and check for elevated white blood cells. Elevated temperature indicates a potential infection, and increased white blood cells are a sign of inflammation and the body's response to an infection. Monitoring blood pressure (choice B) and checking for fever (choice B) are not as specific indicators of infection as monitoring temperature and white blood cell count. Assessing changes in mental status and monitoring urine output (choice C) are important aspects of patient assessment but may not directly indicate a suspected infection. Administering antibiotics (choice D) should only be done after a confirmed diagnosis of a bacterial infection, as unnecessary antibiotic use can lead to antibiotic resistance and other adverse effects.
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