ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment B Quizlet
1. A nurse is assessing a client who has systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Butterfly rash on the face
- B. Weight gain
- C. Joint deformities
- D. Increased hair growth
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Butterfly rash on the face. A butterfly-shaped rash across the nose and cheeks is a classic symptom of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), an autoimmune disease. Weight gain (Choice B) is not typically associated with SLE. Joint deformities (Choice C) are more commonly seen in conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. Increased hair growth (Choice D) is not a typical finding in SLE.
2. A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will decrease my intake of potassium.
- B. I will increase my intake of vitamin K.
- C. I will decrease my intake of sodium.
- D. I will increase my intake of magnesium.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'I will decrease my intake of sodium.' Lowering sodium intake is essential in managing hypertension as it helps reduce blood pressure levels. Excess sodium can lead to fluid retention and increased blood volume, putting more strain on the heart and blood vessels. Therefore, this response indicates an understanding of the teaching provided. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because decreasing potassium intake, increasing vitamin K intake, and increasing magnesium intake are not primary dietary modifications recommended for hypertension. While potassium and magnesium can be beneficial for overall health, reducing sodium intake is the key dietary change to manage hypertension effectively.
3. A healthcare professional is verifying nasogastric tube placement by the pH of aspirated gastric fluid. Which of the following pH values provides a good indication of correct tube placement?
- A. 2
- B. 5
- C. 7
- D. 9
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: '2'. Gastric contents with a pH between 0 and 4 provide a good indication of appropriate tube placement. A pH of 2 is within this range, indicating that the tube is correctly placed in the stomach. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a pH of 5, 7, or 9 does not fall within the expected acidic pH range of gastric fluid.
4. A client with heart failure is receiving discharge teaching. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I will weigh myself once a week.
- B. I will take my diuretic medication in the evening.
- C. I will limit my fluid intake to 3 liters per day.
- D. I will call my doctor if I notice swelling in my feet.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Swelling in the feet can indicate worsening heart failure due to fluid retention, and clients should report this to their healthcare provider immediately. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because weighing once a week may not provide timely information on fluid retention, timing of diuretic medication is usually advised in the morning to prevent nocturia, and limiting fluid intake to 3 liters per day may not be appropriate for all clients with heart failure.
5. A healthcare professional is assessing a client for signs of dehydration. Which of the following findings should the healthcare professional look for?
- A. Edema
- B. Dry mucous membranes
- C. Weight gain
- D. Increased urination
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Dry mucous membranes are a classic sign of dehydration. In dehydration, the body loses more water than it takes in, leading to dryness of mucous membranes like the mouth and throat. Edema (choice A) is swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues, which is not a typical sign of dehydration. Weight gain (choice C) is also not a common sign of dehydration; in fact, dehydration usually leads to weight loss. Increased urination (choice D) is more indicative of conditions like diabetes or diuretic use, not dehydration.
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