ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment B Quizlet
1. A nurse in an emergency department is serving on a committee that is reviewing the facility protocol for disaster readiness. The nurse should recommend that the protocol include which of the following as a clinical manifestation of smallpox?
- A. Bloody diarrhea
- B. Ptosis of the eyelids
- C. Descending paralysis
- D. Rash in the mouth
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Rash in the mouth.' Smallpox presents with a distinctive rash that typically begins in the mouth and spreads to the rest of the body, developing into pustules. This rash is a key clinical manifestation of smallpox. This infectious disease is characterized by the rash, fever, and other systemic symptoms. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they are not associated with smallpox. Bloody diarrhea, ptosis of the eyelids, and descending paralysis are not typical clinical manifestations of smallpox.
2. Which statement about the U.S. healthcare system made by the nurse is untrue and inaccurate?
- A. There is no central agency governing the healthcare system.
- B. Access to healthcare is available to all persons regardless of ability to pay.
- C. Legal risk must be considered when providing healthcare.
- D. High-tech equipment is available but payment for its use is troublesome to the system.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Access to healthcare is not universally available to all persons in the U.S.; it is often influenced by the ability to pay. Choice A is accurate as there is no single central agency governing the entire U.S. healthcare system. Choice C is a valid consideration as legal risks are important in healthcare provision. Choice D highlights a common issue in the U.S. healthcare system where high-tech equipment is available, but the payment for its use can be problematic.
3. Why is morphine administered to a patient with a myocardial infarction (MI)?
- A. To reduce pain.
- B. To decrease anxiety.
- C. To reduce cardiac workload.
- D. To increase respiratory rate.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Morphine is administered to a patient with a myocardial infarction (MI) primarily to reduce cardiac workload. By reducing preload and afterload, morphine helps improve oxygenation to the heart muscle. This decrease in workload on the heart can alleviate symptoms and reduce strain on the heart muscle during an MI. Choices A and B are incorrect because the primary goal of administering morphine in this context is not pain relief or anxiety reduction. Choice D is incorrect as morphine does not aim to increase respiratory rate but rather to address the cardiac workload.
4. The healthcare professional is assisting in the care of a client diagnosed with heart failure. The client is receiving furosemide (Lasix). Which laboratory value should the healthcare professional monitor most closely?
- A. Serum calcium
- B. Serum potassium
- C. Serum sodium
- D. Serum glucose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to significant potassium loss, making it crucial to monitor the client's serum potassium levels. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) can result from furosemide use, potentially leading to adverse effects such as cardiac dysrhythmias. Therefore, close monitoring of serum potassium levels is essential to prevent complications in clients receiving furosemide. Monitoring serum calcium, sodium, or glucose levels is not the priority when administering furosemide.
5. Which of the following actions can a nurse safely take without risk of liability?
- A. Questioning a doctor's written orders for medication
- B. Permitting a volunteer to move a patient
- C. Using a blood pressure cuff that is sometimes sticking
- D. Asking a family member to deliver routine medication to a patient's room
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Questioning a doctor's written orders for medication. Under the doctrine of respondent superior, nurses can face liability risks for various actions. Permitting volunteers to move patients, using malfunctioning equipment, or tasking unqualified staff can pose liability risks. Questioning medication orders is a responsibility to ensure patient safety. It is crucial for nurses to clarify any doubts or raise concerns about medication orders to prevent potential harm to patients.
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