ATI LPN
PN ATI Capstone Proctored Comprehensive Assessment B Quizlet
1. A nurse is educating a client about caloric intake and weight reduction. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. If I eat 500 fewer calories per day, I should lose 1 pound per week.
- B. If I eat 450 fewer calories per day, I should lose 2 pounds per week.
- C. If I eat 250 fewer calories per day, I should lose 2 pounds per week.
- D. If I eat 300 fewer calories per day, I should lose 1 pound per week.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'If I eat 500 fewer calories per day, I should lose 1 pound per week.' This statement is accurate because a reduction of 500 calories per day typically results in a weight loss of 1 pound per week. This is based on the principle that a calorie deficit of 3,500 calories equals about 1 pound of body fat. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the established relationship between calorie reduction and weight loss. Eating 450 fewer calories per day would not lead to a weight loss of 2 pounds per week; similarly, reducing calories by 250 or 300 per day would not result in losing 2 pounds or 1 pound per week, respectively.
2. What is the function of chylomicrons?
- A. Produced in the hepatic system.
- B. Composed of triglycerides and cholesterol only.
- C. Absorbed in the large intestine.
- D. Cleared from the blood by lipoprotein lipase.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Chylomicrons are particles that transport dietary fats from the small intestine to cells in the body. They are cleared from the bloodstream by lipoprotein lipase, an enzyme that breaks down triglycerides in chylomicrons into fatty acids and glycerol. This process allows fats to be absorbed by the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because chylomicrons are not formed in the hepatic system, they are composed of various lipids including triglycerides and cholesterol, and they are absorbed in the small intestine, not the large intestine.
3. The healthcare professional is assisting in the care of a client diagnosed with heart failure. The client is receiving furosemide (Lasix). Which laboratory value should the healthcare professional monitor most closely?
- A. Serum calcium
- B. Serum potassium
- C. Serum sodium
- D. Serum glucose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can lead to significant potassium loss, making it crucial to monitor the client's serum potassium levels. Hypokalemia (low potassium levels) can result from furosemide use, potentially leading to adverse effects such as cardiac dysrhythmias. Therefore, close monitoring of serum potassium levels is essential to prevent complications in clients receiving furosemide. Monitoring serum calcium, sodium, or glucose levels is not the priority when administering furosemide.
4. A child was brought to the emergency department with complaints of nausea, vomiting, and fruity-scented breath. The resident on duty diagnosed the child with diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following should the nurse expect to administer?
- A. Potassium chloride IV infusion.
- B. Dextrose 5% IV infusion.
- C. Ringer's Lactate.
- D. Normal saline IV infusion
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), there is a state of dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Normal saline is the initial fluid of choice to help restore intravascular volume and improve electrolyte balance. It also helps to correct acidosis. Potassium chloride IV infusion is commonly added to the treatment regimen once kidney function is confirmed to prevent hypokalemia. Dextrose 5% IV infusion is not the first-line treatment for DKA as it can worsen hyperglycemia. Ringer's Lactate is not typically used as the initial fluid for managing DKA as it contains potassium and could worsen hyperkalemia.
5. To prevent diarrhea in children, a vaccine is available against which of the following?
- A. Adenovirus
- B. Rotavirus
- C. Enterovirus
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B - Rotavirus. Rotavirus vaccine is available to prevent diarrhea in children. Rotavirus is a common cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children globally, and vaccination has been shown to be effective in reducing the burden of this disease. Choices A and C are incorrect because there is no specific vaccine available for Adenovirus or Enterovirus to prevent diarrhea in children. Choice D is incorrect because while vaccines are available for some viruses that can cause diarrhea in children, not all mentioned in the choices have a specific vaccine available.
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