ATI LPN
ATI Comprehensive Predictor PN
1. A nurse in a long-term care facility is reviewing information about health care-associated infections with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
- A. Frequent hand washing prevents infection
- B. Prolonged use of corticosteroids increases infection risk
- C. Limit patient interaction to reduce infection spread
- D. Restrict client movement to prevent contamination
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because prolonged use of corticosteroids is a known risk factor for infections. Choice A is incorrect because frequent hand washing actually helps prevent infections. Choice C is incorrect as patient interaction is essential in healthcare but should be done following proper infection control measures. Choice D is also incorrect as restricting client movement is not a standard practice to prevent contamination.
2. In a low-carbohydrate diet, most of the calories are supplied by:
- A. proteins.
- B. fats.
- C. carbohydrates.
- D. vitamins.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In a low-carbohydrate diet, fats become the primary source of calories as carbohydrate intake is restricted. Proteins can contribute to caloric intake but are not the primary source in a low-carbohydrate diet. Carbohydrates are intentionally limited in this diet, so they do not supply most of the calories. Vitamins are essential nutrients but do not provide calories.
3. A client who has just started taking levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet) for Parkinson's disease reports experiencing nausea. What should the nurse recommend to the client?
- A. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
- B. Consume a low-protein snack with the medication.
- C. Increase your intake of dairy products.
- D. Stop taking the medication and notify your healthcare provider.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Nausea is a common side effect of levodopa-carbidopa (Sinemet). Consuming a low-protein snack with the medication can help reduce nausea. The protein in food can compete with levodopa for absorption, so taking it with a low-protein snack may improve its effectiveness and reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Option A is incorrect as taking the medication on an empty stomach may exacerbate nausea. Option C is incorrect because increasing intake of dairy products is not recommended to alleviate nausea. Option D is incorrect because abruptly stopping the medication without healthcare provider guidance can lead to adverse effects.
4. How can a healthcare provider best address the spiritual aspect of caring for a patient?
- A. Explain the patient's spiritual beliefs to the healthcare provider.
- B. Ask the patient to share their spiritual beliefs.
- C. Ask what the patient requires to meet their spiritual needs.
- D. Consult with a spiritual leader to understand the patient's spiritual needs.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most effective way for a healthcare provider to address the spiritual aspect of caring for a patient is by asking what the patient requires to meet their spiritual needs. This approach respects the patient's autonomy, acknowledges their individual beliefs, and allows for personalized and patient-centered care. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the healthcare provider's understanding rather than the patient's needs. Choice B could be invasive and may not be necessary to provide adequate spiritual care. Choice D involves consulting a spiritual leader, which may not always align with the patient's personal beliefs and preferences.
5. The healthcare provider assesses a client who has been prescribed furosemide (Lasix) for cardiac disease. Which electrocardiographic change would be a concern for a client taking a diuretic?
- A. Tall, spiked T waves
- B. A prolonged QT interval
- C. A widening QRS complex
- D. Presence of a U wave
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The presence of a U wave is often associated with hypokalemia, a possible side effect of diuretic therapy like furosemide. Hypokalemia can lead to U wave formation on an electrocardiogram, making the presence of U waves a concerning finding in clients taking diuretics. Tall, spiked T waves are typically seen in hyperkalemia, not hypokalemia. A prolonged QT interval is more commonly associated with conditions like Long QT syndrome or certain medications, not specifically with diuretics. A widening QRS complex is usually seen in conditions affecting the conduction system of the heart, such as bundle branch blocks, rather than being directly related to diuretic use.
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