ATI LPN
LPN Pharmacology
1. A client with coronary artery disease is prescribed a low-cholesterol diet. The nurse should reinforce which dietary selection made by the client?
- A. Eggs and bacon
- B. Oatmeal with fresh fruit
- C. Cream of chicken soup
- D. Grilled cheese sandwich
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Oatmeal with fresh fruit is a suitable choice for a client with coronary artery disease prescribed a low-cholesterol diet. This option is high in fiber and nutrients, making it a heart-healthy selection. Oatmeal and fresh fruits are low in cholesterol and saturated fats, which helps in managing coronary artery disease. Choices A, C, and D are higher in cholesterol and saturated fats, which can be detrimental for individuals with this condition.
2. A nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who has a prescription for the use of oxygen in his home. Which of the following should the nurse teach the client about using oxygen safely in his home?
- A. Family members who smoke should be at least 10 ft away from the client when oxygen is in use
- B. Nail polish should not be used near a client who is receiving oxygen
- C. A 'No Smoking' sign should be placed on the front door
- D. Cotton bedding and clothing should be replaced with items made from wool
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Placing a 'No Smoking' sign on the front door is crucial for fire safety when using oxygen at home. Choice A is incorrect as family members who smoke should not be around the client when oxygen is in use, not just at a distance. Choice B is not directly related to oxygen safety. Choice D is also irrelevant as the type of bedding and clothing material does not impact oxygen safety.
3. A client has undergone a myelogram, and a nurse is providing post-procedure care. Which action should be included in the nursing care plan?
- A. Encourage ambulation after the procedure
- B. Maintain the prone position for 12 hours
- C. Evaluate the client's distal pulses on the affected side
- D. Encourage oral fluid intake
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action to include in the nursing care plan for a client post-myelogram is to evaluate the client's distal pulses on the affected side. This is crucial to assess circulation and detect any potential complications such as impaired blood flow or vascular issues. Encouraging ambulation after the procedure (Choice A) is not typically recommended immediately post-myelogram, as the client may need to rest. Maintaining the prone position for 12 hours (Choice B) is an outdated practice and is no longer part of standard care post-myelogram. Encouraging oral fluid intake (Choice D) is generally beneficial for hydration but is not a specific priority related to post-myelogram care.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with hyperkalemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?
- A. Muscle weakness
- B. Nausea
- C. Increased thirst
- D. Restlessness
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Muscle weakness is a characteristic finding in hyperkalemia. High levels of potassium can affect the normal function of muscles, leading to weakness. Nausea and increased thirst are not typically associated with hyperkalemia. Restlessness is more commonly seen in conditions such as hypoxia or anxiety, not specifically in hyperkalemia.
5. A nurse is assessing a client who has a history of atrial fibrillation and is receiving warfarin. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse monitor to determine the effectiveness of the warfarin?
- A. Platelet count
- B. International normalized ratio (INR)
- C. Bleeding time
- D. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: International normalized ratio (INR). The INR is used to monitor the effectiveness of warfarin therapy. A higher INR indicates a longer time it takes for the blood to clot, which is desirable in patients receiving warfarin to prevent blood clots. Platelet count (Choice A) assesses the number of platelets in the blood and is not directly related to warfarin therapy. Bleeding time (Choice C) evaluates the time it takes for a person to stop bleeding after a standardized wound, but it is not specific to monitoring warfarin effectiveness. Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (Choice D) is more commonly used to monitor heparin therapy, not warfarin.
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