branched chain amino acids leucine isoleucine and valine may be especially important for a patient with

ATI LPN

ATI Nutrition Proctored Exam 2019 Answers

1. Which condition may benefit from branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine)?

A. cancer-related malnutrition
B. marasmus
C. cardiovascular disease
D. severe depression

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Branched chain amino acids, such as leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential in preventing muscle breakdown. Therefore, they may be particularly important for a patient with cancer-related malnutrition, where maintaining muscle mass is crucial. Marasmus is a severe form of malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency, not specifically related to cancer. Cardiovascular disease and severe depression do not have a direct correlation with the need for branched chain amino acids to prevent muscle breakdown.

2. What is the primary nutritional function of the large intestine?

A. Absorption of fats.
B. Excretion of waste products.
C. Excretion of bacteria.
D. Absorption of water.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Absorption of water. The primary nutritional function of the large intestine is to absorb water from the indigestible food residue that enters it from the small intestine. This absorption of water helps to form solid waste, which is then eliminated from the body. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the large intestine is not primarily responsible for the absorption of fats, excretion of waste products, or excretion of bacteria. While the large intestine does play a role in waste elimination and contains bacteria beneficial for digestion, its main function in terms of nutrition is the absorption of water.

3. How many different amino acids make up human proteins?

A. 9
B. 13
C. 15
D. 20

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 20. There are 20 different amino acids that combine to form proteins in the human body. Each amino acid has a unique side chain that determines its properties. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they do not represent the total number of different amino acids found in human proteins.

4. What is the recommended dietary intake of protein for adults?

A. 0.5 g/kg.
B. 0.8 g/kg.
C. 1.0 g/kg.
D. 1.5 g/kg.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended dietary intake of protein for adults is 0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight. This amount is considered adequate for most healthy adults. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not align with the generally recommended protein intake for adults.

5. Major nutrients supplied by foods in the Vegetables group of MyPlate include:

A. potassium and vitamin A.
B. iron and vitamin C.
C. calcium and vitamin B12.
D. sodium and vitamin E.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: potassium and vitamin A. Vegetables are an excellent source of potassium and vitamin A, both essential for maintaining overall health. Iron and vitamin C (choice B) are commonly found in foods from the Protein and Fruits groups, respectively. Calcium and vitamin B12 (choice C) are more abundant in dairy products and animal-based foods. Sodium and vitamin E (choice D) are not the major nutrients typically supplied by vegetables.