Nursing Elites

1. Which pain assessment tool is most appropriate for a 3-month-old hospitalized with a fractured femur?

• A. FLACC scale
• B. Poker chip tool
• C. Number scale
• D. Visual analog scale

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The FLACC scale, which stands for Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability, is specifically designed for nonverbal patients like infants and young children. It assesses pain based on observable behaviors such as facial expressions, leg movement, activity level, cry, and the ability to be consoled. In this case, a 3-month-old infant who is unable to communicate verbally would best be assessed using the FLACC scale to determine the level of pain experienced due to a fractured femur. The Poker chip tool, Number scale, and Visual analog scale are not suitable for nonverbal infants and young children as they rely on self-reporting or cognitive abilities that are not yet developed at this age.

2. What is the most important intervention to decrease the stressors of hospitalization for a 9-month-old infant being treated for a bacterial infection?

• A. Encourage the infant's parents to remain at the bedside and actively participate in the infant's care.
• B. Provide a brightly lit environment for the infant.
• C. Play tapes of the mother's voice.
• D. Assign the same nurse to the infant as much as possible.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging the infant's parents to remain at the bedside and actively participate in the infant's care is crucial in decreasing the stressors of hospitalization for the infant. Parental presence provides comfort and security, promotes bonding, and maintains a sense of familiarity for the infant during a potentially stressful situation. This involvement can help reduce anxiety and promote better outcomes for the infant's emotional well-being and overall hospital experience. Providing a brightly lit environment (choice B) can actually increase stress for the infant, as infants generally prefer dimly lit environments for better sleep. Playing tapes of the mother's voice (choice C) may offer some comfort but does not substitute for parental presence. While assigning the same nurse to the infant (choice D) can provide continuity of care, it is not as effective as having the parents present for emotional support and bonding.

3. A new parent is concerned because their newborn's stools are loose and yellow. The healthcare provider should explain that this is:

• A. A sign of dehydration
• B. A normal finding in breastfed infants
• C. Indicative of an infection
• D. Due to lactose intolerance

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Loose, yellow stools are a normal finding in breastfed infants. Breastfed infants often have loose, yellow stools due to the composition of breast milk. It is not typically a sign of dehydration, infection, or lactose intolerance in this context.

4. When does the onset of type 2 diabetes typically occur?

• A. Occurs after pubertal onset in the majority of cases
• B. Occurs due to parental financial status
• C. Occurs in childhood
• D. Occurs after giving birth

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The onset of type 2 diabetes typically occurs after pubertal onset. It is more commonly diagnosed in adulthood, although it can also develop in younger individuals. Factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and obesity play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes.

5. In the treatment of an infected hematoma, which of the following is NOT recommended?

• A. Incision and drainage
• B. Systemic antibiotics
• C. A and B
• D. Vitamin E

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Vitamin E is not a standard treatment for infected hematomas. The primary interventions for infected hematomas typically involve incision and drainage to remove infected fluid and debris, along with the administration of systemic antibiotics to combat the infection. Vitamin E does not play a significant role in the treatment of infected hematomas and is therefore not recommended as a primary treatment option. Choice A (Incision and drainage) and Choice B (Systemic antibiotics) are recommended treatments for infected hematomas as they help in removing infected fluid and combating the infection, respectively. Therefore, the correct answer is D, Vitamin E.

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