Nursing Elites

1. When managing Akosua Adepa, an eight-year-old diagnosed with Asthma, the nurse will consider the following as complications EXCEPT:

• A. Cor pulmonale
• B. Respiratory arrest
• C. Respiratory distress
• D. Respiratory failure

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When managing a pediatric patient with asthma, the nurse needs to be vigilant about potential complications. While cor pulmonale, respiratory arrest, and respiratory failure are known complications of asthma, respiratory distress is not typically considered a direct complication. Respiratory distress is more of a symptom or a sign of worsening asthma, indicating the need for immediate intervention to prevent progression to more severe complications.

2. When assisting ventilations in a 4-year-old child with a bag-valve mask, what should the EMT do?

• A. Deliver each breath over 2 to 3 seconds.
• B. Ensure the appropriate mask size is used.
• C. Block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise.
• D. Reassess the pulse rate after 60 seconds.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When assisting ventilations in a 4-year-old child with a bag-valve mask, the EMT should block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. This action helps ensure effective ventilation and adequate oxygenation in the child. Blocking the pop-off valve allows for better control over the volume of air delivered and can help maintain positive pressure in the airway, assisting in improving oxygenation and ventilation in the child. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because delivering each breath over 2 to 3 seconds is a general guideline but may need adjustment based on patient response, ensuring the appropriate mask size is important but not the primary concern in this scenario, and reassessing the pulse rate is not directly related to the ventilation technique being discussed.

3. A mother of a 2-year-old child complains that her child has a fever, sore mouth, and red eye. What will be the possible diagnosis?

• A. TB
• B. Meningitis
• C. Measles
• D. Pertussis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, Measles. Measles commonly presents with symptoms such as fever, sore mouth, and red eyes. These characteristic symptoms help differentiate measles from the other conditions listed. Tuberculosis (Choice A) typically presents with respiratory symptoms, Meningitis (Choice B) commonly presents with symptoms like headache, neck stiffness, and altered mental status, while Pertussis (Choice D) is characterized by severe coughing spells. Therefore, in this case, the symptoms described align more closely with measles.

4. Justine is admitted to the pediatric unit due to the occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis signaling a new diagnosis of diabetes. The diabetes team explores the cause of the episode and takes steps to prevent a recurrence. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from an excessive accumulation of which of the following?

• A. Sodium bicarbonate from renal compensation
• B. Potassium from cell death
• C. Glucose from carbohydrate metabolism
• D. Ketone bodies from fat metabolism

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results from the excessive accumulation of ketone bodies from fat metabolism. During DKA, there is a lack of insulin leading to the breakdown of fat stores into fatty acids and their subsequent conversion into ketone bodies. These ketone bodies accumulate in the blood, leading to metabolic acidosis and the characteristic symptoms of DKA.

5. When does the onset of type 2 diabetes typically occur?

• A. Occurs after pubertal onset in the majority of cases
• B. Occurs due to parental financial status
• C. Occurs in childhood
• D. Occurs after giving birth

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The onset of type 2 diabetes typically occurs after pubertal onset. It is more commonly diagnosed in adulthood, although it can also develop in younger individuals. Factors such as genetics, lifestyle, and obesity play a significant role in the development of type 2 diabetes.

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