Nursing Elites

1. When preventing cardiac arrest in infants and small children, the primary focus should be on:

• A. Providing immediate transport.
• B. Ensuring adequate ventilation.
• C. Keeping the child warm.
• D. Avoiding upsetting the child.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct approach to prevent cardiac arrest in infants and small children is to ensure adequate ventilation. In these cases, maintaining proper oxygenation and ventilation is crucial for sustaining life. Providing immediate transport, keeping the child warm, or avoiding upsetting the child are important considerations but ensuring adequate ventilation takes precedence in preventing cardiac arrest and supporting the child's vital functions.

2. Madam Serwaa's 7-month-old baby was admitted to your ward with malnutrition. The child has diarrhea with signs of moderate dehydration but can drink. Which of the following will be the most appropriate fluid for Madam Serwaa's baby?

• A. ORS
• B. Resomal
• C. Rice water
• D. I.V. Ringer's lactate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: For a 7-month-old baby with diarrhea and signs of moderate dehydration who can still drink, the most appropriate fluid is Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS). ORS helps in rehydrating the body and replenishing lost electrolytes, making it essential in managing dehydration due to diarrhea.

3. What is the main cause or association of Type 2 diabetes?

• A. Mostly associated with autoantibodies
• B. Mostly associated with childhood cancer
• C. Commonly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome
• D. Commonly associated with overeating

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is commonly associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. These conditions are major contributing factors to the development of Type 2 diabetes due to insulin resistance and other metabolic abnormalities linked to excess body weight and unhealthy lifestyle habits.

4. You and your partner are performing CPR on a 2-year-old female in cardiac arrest. During your resuscitation attempt, you should:

• A. hyperventilate her due to severe hypoxia.
• B. attach the AED pads after 5 minutes of high-quality CPR.
• C. perform compressions and ventilations at a ratio of 30:2.
• D. allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Allowing the chest to fully recoil between compressions is crucial during CPR to ensure proper blood flow. This action allows the heart to refill with blood, enhancing the effectiveness of compressions and circulation. Hyperventilating the patient can lead to decreased cardiac output and is not recommended. Attaching AED pads should be done as soon as possible in a pediatric cardiac arrest situation, ideally within 2 minutes. The correct compression-to-ventilation ratio for pediatric CPR is 30:2, focusing on high-quality compressions to provide adequate perfusion to vital organs.

5. Which of the following is an indication of lower respiratory infection?

• A. Cough
• B. Fever
• C. Inability to lie supine
• D. Shortness of breath

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inability to lie supine is a significant indication of lower respiratory infection. This symptom often occurs due to breathing difficulties and discomfort experienced by individuals with lower respiratory infections, such as pneumonia or bronchitis. It can be caused by lung inflammation, consolidation, or fluid buildup in the lungs, making lying flat uncomfortable or difficult. Monitoring a patient's ability to lie flat can provide valuable information about the severity and progression of a lower respiratory infection.

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