Nursing Elites

1. When preventing cardiac arrest in infants and small children, the primary focus should be on:

• A. Providing immediate transport.
• B. Ensuring adequate ventilation.
• C. Keeping the child warm.
• D. Avoiding upsetting the child.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct approach to prevent cardiac arrest in infants and small children is to ensure adequate ventilation. In these cases, maintaining proper oxygenation and ventilation is crucial for sustaining life. Providing immediate transport, keeping the child warm, or avoiding upsetting the child are important considerations but ensuring adequate ventilation takes precedence in preventing cardiac arrest and supporting the child's vital functions.

2. Madam Esinam, a 45-year-old trader at the Kotokuraba community market, has brought her 8-year-old daughter Bubunyo to the clinic where you are working. According to her, Bubunyo eats very well but looks like her 5-year-old brother in terms of stature. What investigation would you request to give a definitive diagnosis of Bubunyo's condition?

• A. Renal and Liver function test
• B. Pancreatic function test
• C. Sedimentation rate (ESR)
• D. Growth hormone assessment

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A growth hormone assessment is necessary to definitively diagnose growth hormone deficiency, which could be a possible cause of Bubunyo's growth delay despite adequate nutrition. This test will help determine if Bubunyo's growth issues are related to a lack of growth hormone production.

3. Which of the following statements regarding the length-based resuscitation tape measure is correct?

• A. The resuscitation tape estimates a child's weight based on his or her height.
• B. It is a reliable tool in children who are less than 5 years of age.
• C. The red end of the tape measure is placed at the top of the child's head.
• D. The tape measure can be used in children who weigh up to 75 pounds.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The length-based resuscitation tape measure is designed to estimate a child's weight based on their length and can be used for children weighing up to 75 pounds. It is a reliable tool for pediatric weight estimation in emergency situations.

4. Fred is a 12-year-old boy diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia. Which of the following would Nurse Nica expect to assess?

• A. Mild cough
• B. Slight fever
• C. Chest pain
• D. Bulging fontanel

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chest pain is a common symptom seen in patients with pneumococcal pneumonia. It can result from inflammation of the pleura or irritation of the diaphragm due to the infection. While cough and fever are also common symptoms, chest pain is particularly significant in pneumonia cases as it can be a distressing symptom for the patient and may indicate complications or severity of the infection. Bulging fontanel, on the other hand, is more indicative of conditions affecting infants and is not typically associated with pneumococcal pneumonia in a 12-year-old boy.

5. What is the MOST effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn?

• A. Ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation.
• B. Administer blow-by oxygen as soon as the newborn is born.
• C. Perform an Apgar assessment every 5 minutes.
• D. Suction the newborn's mouth and nose every 3 minutes.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn is to ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation. This is crucial in maintaining adequate oxygen supply and preventing respiratory distress or failure, which are significant factors leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. Providing appropriate ventilation support and oxygenation can help sustain the newborn's vital functions and reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary compromise.

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