Nursing Elites

1. Which statistic can provide the most accurate reflection of the health status of a community?

• A. 1-4 year old age-specific mortality rate
• B. Infant mortality rate
• C. Swaroop’s index
• D. Crude death rate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Swaroop’s index is a valuable statistic that reflects the health status of a community by indicating the proportion of deaths aged 50 years and above. A higher Swaroop’s index signifies a greater proportion of individuals who lived at least 50 years before passing away. This metric provides insight into the overall health and longevity of a population, making it a more accurate reflection of community health compared to other mortality rates.

2. In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation?

• A. Establishing the epidemic
• B. Testing the hypothesis
• C. Formulation of the hypothesis
• D. Appraisal of facts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the investigation of an epidemic, establishing the epidemic involves comparing the current frequency of the disease with the typical frequency for that time of year in the community. This comparison helps determine whether an epidemic is occurring by assessing if the number of cases exceeds the expected baseline, as well as establishing the link between the cases of the disease.

3. Which of the following is a key strategy in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV?

• A. Exclusive breastfeeding
• B. Routine immunization
• C. Antiretroviral therapy
• D. Nutritional supplementation

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Antiretroviral therapy is a crucial strategy in preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV. By providing antiretroviral medications to the mother during pregnancy, labor, and breastfeeding, the risk of transmitting the virus to the child is significantly reduced. This treatment approach has been shown to be highly effective in reducing the likelihood of HIV transmission from mother to child.

4. What is the primary goal of health education?

• A. To diagnose diseases
• B. To change behavior for improved health
• C. To provide emergency medical care
• D. To perform surgeries

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary goal of health education is to empower individuals with knowledge and skills to make informed decisions and adopt behaviors that lead to improved health outcomes. It focuses on promoting healthy habits, disease prevention, and overall well-being.

5. What is the legal basis of the Primary Health Care approach in the Philippines?

• A. Alma Ata Declaration on PHC
• B. Letter of Instruction No. 949
• C. Presidential Decree No. 147
• D. Presidential Decree No. 996

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Letter of Instruction No. 949. This instruction was issued by then President Ferdinand Marcos, directing the Ministry of Health (now the Department of Health) to utilize the Primary Health Care approach in planning and implementing health programs. This legal basis established the foundation for implementing Primary Health Care in the Philippines, aligning with the global Alma Ata Declaration's principles.

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