which of the following is an abnormal finding when assessing the abdomen of a newborn

ATI LPN

ATI Pediatrics Proctored Test

1. Which of the following is an abnormal finding when assessing the abdomen of a newborn?

A. The umbilical cord has two arteries and one vein.
B. The presence of green vomit.
C. The liver is palpable 1 to 2 cm below the costal margin.
D. The abdomen is soft and nondistended.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The presence of green vomit in a newborn is an abnormal finding and indicates a possible intestinal obstruction. This finding requires immediate attention and further investigation. Choices A, C, and D are normal findings in a newborn's abdomen assessment. A newborn typically has an umbilical cord with two arteries and one vein, a liver that may be palpable 1 to 2 cm below the costal margin due to its normal size in a neonate, and a soft, nondistended abdomen as expected in healthy newborns.

2. A 5-year-old boy was struck by a car when he ran out into the street. When you arrive at the scene and approach the child, you see him lying supine approximately 15 feet from the car. Based on the child's age and mechanism of injury, which of the following should you suspect to be his PRIMARY injury?

A. Lower leg injury
B. Head injury
C. Upper thorax injury
D. Pelvic injury

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Given the mechanism of injury and the distance the child was thrown, a primary pelvic injury should be suspected due to the high impact and force. The pelvis is a common site for significant injury in such cases, and the distance the child was thrown indicates a high-energy impact that could lead to pelvic fractures or injuries.

3. Before drying off the newborn after birth, which assessment finding should the healthcare professional document to ensure an accurate gestational rating on the Ballard gestational assessment tool?

A. Amount and area of vernix coverage
B. Creases on the sole
C. Size of the areola
D. Body surface temperature

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To ensure an accurate gestational rating on the Ballard gestational assessment tool, healthcare professionals should document the amount and area of vernix coverage before drying the newborn. Drying the baby after birth could disturb the vernix, potentially affecting the gestational age assessment. Assessing and documenting the vernix coverage beforehand enables a more precise evaluation using the Ballard gestational assessment tool. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they are not directly related to gestational rating on the Ballard assessment tool.

4. The caregiver is teaching a new parent about signs of adequate breastfeeding. Which statement by the parent indicates understanding?

A. My baby should have a bowel movement once a week.
B. My baby should wet at least six diapers a day.
C. My baby should feed for 5 minutes on each breast.
D. My baby should sleep through the night without waking up to feed.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Wetting at least six diapers a day is a key indicator of adequate breastfeeding as it shows that the baby is properly hydrated and receiving enough milk.

5. Are most children with hypertension asymptomatic?

A. TRUE
B. FALSE
C.
D.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The statement is true. In many cases, children with hypertension do not show any symptoms, making it challenging to diagnose them. Regular blood pressure checks are crucial to detect hypertension early, as it can have serious health implications if left untreated. Choice B is incorrect because most children with hypertension do not exhibit symptoms, hence being asymptomatic. Choices C and D are empty as they do not provide additional options.