Nursing Elites

1. Based on the complaints provided by Madam KK, is the child exhibiting danger signs?

• A. Yes
• B. No
• C. I don't know
• D. Yes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Yes, the child is displaying danger signs with symptoms such as fever and rapid breathing, indicating a potential serious health issue that requires immediate attention. The correct answer is 'Yes' because the symptoms described in Madam KK's complaints align with danger signs that suggest a severe health problem. Choices B and C are incorrect because the symptoms mentioned clearly indicate the presence of danger signs. Choice D is a duplicate of choice A and does not provide a valid alternative.

2. A breastfeeding mother reports to the nurse that her newborn nurses every hour and never seems satisfied. Which advice should the nurse provide?

• A. Supplement breastfeeding with formula after each nursing session.
• B. Allow the newborn to nurse on each breast for at least 20 minutes.
• C. Reduce the number of nursing sessions to every 2-3 hours.
• D. Ensure the newborn has a proper latch and is effectively nursing.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should ensure that the newborn has a proper latch and is effectively nursing. Sometimes, newborns nurse frequently for comfort even when they are effectively latched. It is essential to address the latch first before considering other interventions. Supplementing with formula (Choice A) may decrease the mother's milk supply. Allowing the newborn to nurse for a set time (Choice B) may not address the underlying latch issue. Reducing nursing sessions (Choice C) may lead to decreased milk production and does not address the latch problem.

3. An 18-month-old child presents with fever, nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, and a respiratory rate of 50 bpm. What is the most appropriate nursing diagnosis?

• A. High risk for altered body temperature - hyperthermia
• B. Ineffective breathing pattern
• C. Ineffective individual coping
• D. Knowledge deficit

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this case, the child is showing signs of respiratory distress, such as nasal flaring, intercostal retractions, and an increased respiratory rate. These are indicative of an ineffective breathing pattern. The child's compromised respiratory function requires immediate attention and intervention, making 'Ineffective breathing pattern' the most appropriate nursing diagnosis. Choices A, C, and D do not address the respiratory distress the child is experiencing and are not the priority in this situation.

4. Which of the following signs or symptoms is more common in children than adults following an isolated head injury?

• A. Changes in pupillary reaction
• B. Tachycardia and diaphoresis
• C. Nausea and vomiting
• D. Altered mental status

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are more common in children than adults following an isolated head injury. Children often present with gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting after a head injury due to differences in physiological responses compared to adults.

5. A group of nursing students is discussing trends that influence pediatric health care today. The students' discussion focuses on which trends?

• A. Family-centered care
• B. Evidenced-based practice
• C. Nursing traditions
• D. A and B

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric health care, family-centered care and evidenced-based practice are crucial trends that impact care delivery. Family-centered care involves involving the family in decision-making and care planning, recognizing their role in the child's well-being. Evidenced-based practice ensures nursing interventions are based on the best available evidence to provide high-quality care to pediatric patients. Nursing traditions, though important, may not encompass the latest advancements in pediatric care. Therefore, choices A and B are correct as they represent current influential trends in pediatric health care.

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