Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of Primary Health Care?

• A. Focuses on specialized care
• B. Emphasizes community participation
• C. Relies solely on hospital-based services
• D. Ignores preventive measures

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Primary Health Care is characterized by its emphasis on community participation, which involves active involvement of communities in health promotion, disease prevention, and healthcare decision-making. It is a comprehensive approach that encompasses preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative services, aiming to provide accessible, affordable, and equitable healthcare to all individuals.

2. When preparing a primigravida for breastfeeding, which of the following will you do?

• A. Explain that lactation usually begins 1 to 3 days after delivery
• B. Teach her nipple stretching exercises if her nipples are flat or inverted
• C. Advise against washing her nipples excessively before and after each breastfeeding
• D. Inform her that putting the baby to breast can help reduce post-delivery blood loss

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Putting the baby to breast can help reduce post-delivery blood loss as suckling stimulates the release of oxytocin, causing uterine contractions. Lactation typically starts 1 to 3 days after delivery, not immediately. Nipple stretching exercises are recommended for flat or inverted nipples, not everted ones. Excessive washing of the nipples can dry them out, increasing the risk of fissures.

3. Which of the following is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines?

• A. Mild upper respiratory infection
• B. Previous allergic reaction to the vaccine
• C. Current antibiotic therapy
• D. Family history of allergies

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A previous allergic reaction to the vaccine is a contraindication for the administration of live vaccines. This is because individuals who have had a previous allergic reaction to a vaccine are at higher risk of developing a severe allergic reaction with subsequent doses. It is crucial to identify and avoid administering live vaccines to individuals with a history of allergic reactions to prevent potential adverse events.

4. Which of the following is an appropriate method for treating dehydration in infants?

• A. Administering oral rehydration solution
• B. Providing fruit juice
• C. Increasing milk intake
• D. Administering antibiotics

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering oral rehydration solution is an appropriate method for treating dehydration in infants. Oral rehydration solution helps replace lost fluids and electrolytes effectively, aiding in the rehydration process. It is specifically formulated to address dehydration and is recommended by healthcare professionals for managing this condition in infants.

5. In the investigation of an epidemic, you compare the present frequency of the disease with the usual frequency at this time of the year in this community. This is done during which stage of the investigation?

• A. Establishing the epidemic
• B. Testing the hypothesis
• C. Formulation of the hypothesis
• D. Appraisal of facts

Correct answer: A

Rationale: During the investigation of an epidemic, establishing the epidemic involves comparing the current frequency of the disease with the typical frequency for that time of year in the community. This comparison helps determine whether an epidemic is occurring by assessing if the number of cases exceeds the expected baseline, as well as establishing the link between the cases of the disease.

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