Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of Primary Health Care?

• A. Focuses on specialized care
• B. Emphasizes community participation
• C. Relies solely on hospital-based services
• D. Ignores preventive measures

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Primary Health Care is characterized by its emphasis on community participation, which involves active involvement of communities in health promotion, disease prevention, and healthcare decision-making. It is a comprehensive approach that encompasses preventive, promotive, curative, and rehabilitative services, aiming to provide accessible, affordable, and equitable healthcare to all individuals.

2. What is the main focus of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Health For All strategy?

• A. Providing free healthcare to all individuals
• B. Achieving a level of health that enables all people to lead economically productive lives
• C. Building more hospitals and clinics
• D. Increasing the number of healthcare workers

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The WHO's Health For All strategy focuses on achieving a level of health that allows individuals to lead socially and economically productive lives, emphasizing overall well-being beyond just physical health. This approach aims for a holistic improvement in health outcomes rather than just providing free healthcare or focusing solely on increasing healthcare infrastructure or workforce.

3. Which disease was declared as a target for eradication in the Philippines through Presidential Proclamation No. 4?

• A. Poliomyelitis
• B. Measles
• C. Rabies
• D. Neonatal Tetanus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Presidential Proclamation No. 4 in the Philippines declared measles as a target for eradication through the Ligtas Tigdas Program. This program aims to eliminate measles, making it the correct choice in this case.

4. Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?

• A. Effectiveness
• B. Efficacy
• C. Specificity
• D. Sensitivity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sensitivity is the ability of a diagnostic test to correctly identify individuals with the disease. A test with high sensitivity will rarely give false negative results, as it will detect almost all positive cases. In the context of the given scenario, false negative results indicate that the test is lacking in sensitivity to pick up all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, leading to some cases being missed.

5. What other statistic may be used to determine attainment of longevity besides reaching the average life span of Filipinos?

• A. Age-specific mortality rate
• B. Proportionate mortality rate
• C. Swaroop’s index
• D. Case fatality rate

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Swaroop’s index is a useful statistic to determine attainment of longevity as it focuses on the percentage of deaths aged 50 years or older. Its inverse reflects the percentage of untimely deaths, which are those who died younger than 50 years. By considering Swaroop’s index in addition to average life span, a more comprehensive assessment of longevity can be achieved.

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