Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following drinks is recommended for reconstituting oral rehydration salts?

• A. Water
• B. Fruit juice
• C. Soda
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Water. Water is the ideal fluid to reconstitute oral rehydration salts because it helps in proper hydration without adding unnecessary sugars or acidity that may be present in fruit juice or soda. Using water ensures the salts are properly dissolved and can effectively rehydrate the individual. Choices B and C are incorrect because fruit juice and soda may contain sugars or acidity that can interfere with the rehydration process and are not recommended for reconstituting oral rehydration salts.

2. During a well-child visit, a 10-year-old child is found to be above the 95th percentile for weight and reports watching more than two hours of television daily. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child is:

• A. Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements
• B. Altered Growth and Development
• C. Ineffective Coping
• D. Altered Family Processes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing diagnosis for a 10-year-old child who is above the 95th percentile for weight and watches more than two hours of television daily would be 'Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements.' This diagnosis reflects the excessive intake of nutrients compared to the child's energy expenditure, which can contribute to weight gain. 'Altered Growth and Development' (choice B) is not the most appropriate diagnosis in this scenario, as the primary concern is related to nutrition and sedentary behavior rather than developmental issues. 'Ineffective Coping' (choice C) and 'Altered Family Processes' (choice D) are also not relevant to the child's weight status and television habits. Monitoring and addressing the child's dietary habits and sedentary behavior are essential to promote a healthier lifestyle and prevent further weight-related issues.

3. Which of the following statements regarding febrile seizures in children is correct?

• A. They can occur even after a child has had a fever for longer than 24 hours.
• B. They can be caused by viral or bacterial meningitis.
• C. They do not typically occur on the first day of a fever.
• D. They typically last less than 15 minutes and often do not have a postictal phase.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. Febrile seizures in children typically last less than 15 minutes and often do not have a postictal phase, meaning there is usually no prolonged recovery period or confusion after the seizure. They are commonly associated with the rapid rise in body temperature at the onset of a fever, rather than the duration of the fever itself. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because febrile seizures can occur even after a child has had a fever for longer than 24 hours, they can be caused by viral or bacterial meningitis, and they do not have a typical pattern of occurring on the first day of a fever.

4. A 3-year-old child has been admitted to your pediatric ward. The doctor gave a provisional diagnosis of respiratory tract infection. After careful assessment and history, a final diagnosis of lower respiratory infection was made. Which of the following signs will confirm the diagnosis?

• A. Cough
• B. Fever
• C. Inability to lie supine
• D. Inability to eat

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Inability to lie supine is a characteristic sign of lower respiratory infection. This positioning preference is often seen in patients with lower respiratory infections due to discomfort or difficulty breathing when lying flat on their back. While cough and fever are common symptoms associated with respiratory infections, they are not specific to lower respiratory infections. Inability to eat may indicate general illness or discomfort but is not a specific indicator of lower respiratory infection.

5. What is a non-pharmacological management option for measles?

• A. Tepid sponging
• B. Oral hygiene
• C. Eye care
• D. N/A

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Tepid sponging is a non-pharmacological management option for measles. It helps reduce fever and discomfort by using lukewarm water to gently sponge the body. This method is commonly used to alleviate symptoms associated with measles. Oral hygiene and eye care are important for overall health but do not directly manage measles symptoms like tepid sponging does. Choice D, N/A, is incorrect as there are non-pharmacological management options available for measles.

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