Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following drinks is recommended for reconstituting oral rehydration salts?

• A. Water
• B. Fruit juice
• C. Soda
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Water. Water is the ideal fluid to reconstitute oral rehydration salts because it helps in proper hydration without adding unnecessary sugars or acidity that may be present in fruit juice or soda. Using water ensures the salts are properly dissolved and can effectively rehydrate the individual. Choices B and C are incorrect because fruit juice and soda may contain sugars or acidity that can interfere with the rehydration process and are not recommended for reconstituting oral rehydration salts.

2. What should be the drop rate per minute using a drop factor of 20 drops/ml?

• A. 19 drops/min
• B. 23 drops/min
• C. 36 drops/min
• D. 46.7 drops/min

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the drop rate per minute when using a drop factor of 20 drops/ml, you simply divide 60 (minutes) by the drop factor (20 drops/ml), giving you 3. Therefore, the drop rate per minute would be 3 drops x 20 drops/ml = 60 drops/min. However, since the question asks for the drop rate using a 20 drops/ml factor, the correct answer is slightly less than 60. By rounding down, the closest option is 19 drops/min, which is the correct calculation when considering the drop factor.

3. The healthcare provider is assessing a newborn who had undergone vaginal delivery. Which of the following findings is least likely to be observed in a normal newborn?

• A. (+) Moro reflex
• B. Heart rate is 80 bpm
• C. Respirations are irregular
• D. Uneven head shape

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A heart rate of 80 bpm is least likely to be observed in a normal newborn. The normal heart rate range for a newborn is usually higher than 80 bpm, typically ranging from 120-160 bpm. The Moro reflex (choice A) is a normal newborn reflex, respirations being irregular (choice C) are expected due to the immature respiratory control center, and an uneven head shape (choice D) is common due to molding during vaginal delivery.

4. If a baby weighs 14 kg, how much fluid should be administered to the baby over 24 hours using a rate of 100 ml/kg?

• A. 1400ml
• B. 2600ml
• C. 1650ml
• D. 3360ml

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To calculate the fluid requirement for a baby, multiply the weight of the baby (14 kg) by the fluid rate (100 ml/kg): 14 kg x 100 ml/kg = 1400 ml. Therefore, the correct answer is 1400 ml.

5. You have just delivered a baby girl. Your assessment of the newborn reveals that she has a patent airway, is breathing adequately, and has a heart rate of 130 beats/min. Her face and trunk are pink, but her hands and feet are cyanotic. You have clamped and cut the umbilical cord, but the placenta has not yet delivered. You should:

• A. reassess the newborn every 5 minutes and transport after the placenta delivers.
• B. keep the newborn warm, give oxygen to the mother if needed, and transport.
• C. massage the lower part of the mother's uterus until the placenta delivers.
• D. give the newborn high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreathing mask and transport.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In this scenario, the appropriate action is to keep the newborn warm, ensure the mother receives oxygen if needed, and prepare for transport. The newborn is showing signs of central cyanosis (hands and feet being cyanotic), which can be due to various reasons, including inadequate oxygenation. Therefore, ensuring warmth and possible oxygen to the mother are important. Additionally, monitoring both the mother and baby during transport is crucial for their well-being.

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