Nursing Elites

1. General guidelines when assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion include:

• A. placing the child supine and palpating the abdomen.
• B. separating the child from the parent to ensure a reliable examination.
• C. examining the child in the parent's arms.
• D. palpating the painful area of the abdomen first.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: When assessing a 2-year-old child with abdominal pain and adequate perfusion, it is essential to examine the child in the parent's arms. This approach can help maintain the child's comfort, keep them calm, and increase their cooperation during the assessment. Placing the child supine and palpating the abdomen (Choice A) can be distressing and uncomfortable for the child. Separating the child from the parent (Choice B) may cause additional stress and hinder the examination process. Palpating the painful area first (Choice D) can lead to increased discomfort and resistance from the child.

2. What is the MOST effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn?

• A. Ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation.
• B. Administer blow-by oxygen as soon as the newborn is born.
• C. Perform an Apgar assessment every 5 minutes.
• D. Suction the newborn's mouth and nose every 3 minutes.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The most effective way to prevent cardiopulmonary arrest in a newborn is to ensure effective oxygenation and ventilation. This is crucial in maintaining adequate oxygen supply and preventing respiratory distress or failure, which are significant factors leading to cardiopulmonary arrest. Providing appropriate ventilation support and oxygenation can help sustain the newborn's vital functions and reduce the risk of cardiopulmonary compromise.

3. A breastfeeding mother complains of sore nipples. Which intervention should the nurse suggest?

• A. Use a breast pump until nipples heal
• B. Apply lanolin cream after each feeding
• C. Wash nipples with soap and water before and after each feeding
• D. Reduce the frequency of breastfeeding

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct intervention for sore nipples in a breastfeeding mother is to suggest applying lanolin cream after each feeding. Lanolin cream can help soothe and protect the nipples, promoting healing and reducing discomfort. Using a breast pump may not address the underlying issue causing soreness. Washing nipples with soap and water excessively can lead to dryness and further irritation. Reducing breastfeeding frequency may impact milk supply and bonding. Therefore, recommending lanolin cream is the most appropriate intervention to alleviate soreness in this situation.

4. In public education on Typhoid fever, the condition mainly spreads through:

• A. Contaminated air
• B. Mineral water
• C. Contaminated food and water
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Typhoid fever is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, usually due to poor sanitation practices. The bacteria responsible for typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi, is typically found in food or water contaminated by the feces of an infected person. Contaminated air is not a significant mode of transmission for typhoid fever, making choice A incorrect. While waterborne transmission can occur, it is through contaminated water rather than specifically mineral water, making choice B incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as contaminated food and water are the main sources of transmission for typhoid fever.

5. During the initial assessment of the newborn, which of the following data would be considered normal?

• A. Chest circumference 31.5 cm, head circumference 33.5 cm
• B. Chest circumference 30 cm, head circumference 29 cm
• C. Chest circumference 38 cm, head circumference 31.5 cm
• D. Chest circumference 32.5 cm, head circumference 36 cm

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. During the initial assessment of a newborn, the average head circumference at birth is 32 to 37 cm, while the average chest circumference ranges from 30 to 35 cm. Normally, the head's circumference is about 2 cm greater than the chest circumference at birth. Choice A provides measurements of chest circumference 31.5 cm and head circumference 33.5 cm, both falling within the normal range in terms of actual size and relative size. Choices B, C, and D do not align with the typical measurements seen in a healthy newborn. Choice B has both circumferences below the average range, choice C has the chest circumference above the average, and choice D has the head circumference notably higher than the chest circumference, which is not typical for a newborn.

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