Nursing Elites

1. Which intervention should the nurse implement to enhance the efficacy of the client's asthma medication therapy?

• A. Administer the albuterol inhaler before other inhaled medications.
• B. Provide oxygen via nasal cannula at 2 liters/minute.
• C. Encourage the client to drink three liters of fluids daily.
• D. Keep the client upright during nebulizer therapy.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator such as albuterol as the first step is crucial to open the airways, allowing better penetration of subsequent inhaled medications and enhancing their overall efficacy in managing asthma symptoms.

2. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is prescribed metformin (Glucophage). Which instruction should the nurse provide?

• A. Take the medication on an empty stomach.
• B. Limit your fluid intake while on this medication.
• C. Monitor your blood glucose levels regularly.
• D. Avoid eating foods high in potassium.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly is crucial for clients with type 2 diabetes who are taking metformin. This helps assess the effectiveness of the medication in managing blood sugar levels and allows for timely adjustments in the treatment plan if needed. By monitoring blood glucose levels, the client and healthcare team can work together to achieve optimal diabetes control and prevent complications associated with uncontrolled blood sugar levels.

3. A patient with hypertension is prescribed lisinopril. What side effect should the nurse monitor for?

• A. Hyperkalemia
• B. Hypoglycemia
• C. Bradycardia
• D. Constipation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When a patient is prescribed lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor, the nurse should monitor for hyperkalemia. Lisinopril can cause hyperkalemia by decreasing aldosterone secretion, which leads to potassium retention in the body. Hyperkalemia is a potential side effect of ACE inhibitors and should be closely monitored, as it can have serious consequences such as affecting cardiac function.

4. The nurse has completed the admission assessment of a client and has determined that the client's body mass index (BMI) is 33.5 kg/m2. What health promotion advice should the nurse provide to the client?

• A. It would be very helpful if you could integrate more physical activity into your routine.
• B. You're considered to be overweight, so you should be diligent about maintaining a healthy diet.
• C. You might want to consider some of the surgical options that have been developed for treating obesity.
• D. With your permission, I'd like you to refer to a support group for individuals who live with severe obesity.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Increasing physical activity is a key component of managing BMI and overall health.

5. A highly successful individual presents to the community mental health center complaining of sleeplessness and anxiety over their financial status. What action should the nurse take to assist this client in diminishing their anxiety?

• A. Encourage them to initiate daily rituals.
• B. Reinforce the reality of their financial situation.
• C. Direct them to drink a glass of red wine at bedtime.
• D. Teach them to limit sugar and caffeine intake.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Teaching the individual to limit sugar and caffeine intake is an appropriate intervention to reduce anxiety and improve sleep quality. Sugar and caffeine can exacerbate anxiety symptoms and disrupt sleep patterns. By reducing their intake, the individual may experience a decrease in anxiety levels and better sleep. Encouraging daily rituals, reinforcing financial realities, or suggesting alcohol consumption before bed are not evidence-based strategies for managing anxiety and sleeplessness.

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