Nursing Elites

1. When assessing a 30-year-old female in labor, what should the EMT do?

• A. Ask the mother when she is expecting to deliver.
• B. Avoid questioning the patient about her medical history.
• C. Determine the stage of her labor by examining her.
• D. Recall that delivery is imminent if she is crowning.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: During the assessment of a 30-year-old female in labor, the EMT should be aware that delivery is imminent if she is crowning. Crowning indicates that the baby's head is visible at the vaginal opening, signaling that the birth is progressing rapidly and the baby will soon be delivered. This is a critical moment that requires preparedness for the birth process and ensuring a safe delivery environment. Choice A is incorrect because asking the mother when she is expecting to deliver is not relevant when the baby's head is visible at the vaginal opening. Choice B is incorrect as obtaining the patient's medical history is essential for providing appropriate care. Choice C is incorrect because determining the stage of labor by examining the patient is important but recognizing crowning indicates that delivery is imminent and requires immediate action.

2. Sometimes, people with congestive heart failure develop arrhythmias of the heart. These irregular rhythms can be conducive to developing a blood clot. Physicians frequently treat people with 'blood thinning' medicines that require regulation of the density of the blood. Which of these is the name for a blood-thinner?

• A. Erythromycin
• B. Tetracycline
• C. Warfarin
• D. Amoxicillin

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Warfarin is a medication commonly used as a blood thinner to prevent blood clot formation. It works by inhibiting the clotting factors in the blood, thereby reducing the risk of clot formation and helping in the management of conditions like congestive heart failure and arrhythmias. Choices A, B, and D are antibiotics and do not have blood-thinning properties like Warfarin.

3. In public education on Typhoid fever, the condition mainly spreads through:

• A. Contaminated air
• B. Mineral water
• C. Contaminated food and water
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Typhoid fever is primarily spread through contaminated food and water, usually due to poor sanitation practices. The bacteria responsible for typhoid fever, Salmonella Typhi, is typically found in food or water contaminated by the feces of an infected person. Contaminated air is not a significant mode of transmission for typhoid fever, making choice A incorrect. While waterborne transmission can occur, it is through contaminated water rather than specifically mineral water, making choice B incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is C, as contaminated food and water are the main sources of transmission for typhoid fever.

4. When preventing cardiac arrest in infants and small children, the primary focus should be on:

• A. Providing immediate transport.
• B. Ensuring adequate ventilation.
• C. Keeping the child warm.
• D. Avoiding upsetting the child.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct approach to prevent cardiac arrest in infants and small children is to ensure adequate ventilation. In these cases, maintaining proper oxygenation and ventilation is crucial for sustaining life. Providing immediate transport, keeping the child warm, or avoiding upsetting the child are important considerations but ensuring adequate ventilation takes precedence in preventing cardiac arrest and supporting the child's vital functions.

5. Non-pharmacological techniques can help lower blood pressure. Which of the following is not considered one of these types of techniques?

• A. Dietary changes
• B. Multivitamins
• C. Smoking cessation
• D. Limiting caffeine

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Multivitamins are not typically considered a non-pharmacological technique for lowering blood pressure. While dietary changes, smoking cessation, and limiting caffeine intake can positively impact blood pressure levels, multivitamins are generally not specifically recommended as a primary intervention for this purpose. Dietary changes can include reducing salt intake and increasing potassium-rich foods, which are known to help manage blood pressure. Smoking cessation is crucial due to the negative impact of smoking on blood pressure and overall cardiovascular health. Limiting caffeine intake is advised as excessive caffeine consumption can lead to a temporary increase in blood pressure. Therefore, focusing on lifestyle modifications like healthy eating, smoking cessation, and caffeine reduction is more effective in managing blood pressure than relying on multivitamins.

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