Nursing Elites

1. In the pediatric ward at Nyamebekyere teaching hospital, when should oxygen be applied to children?

• A. Central cyanosis
• B. Respiratory rate >70 breaths per minute
• C. Grunting noted on assessment
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: All the listed conditions, central cyanosis, respiratory rate >70 breaths per minute, and grunting on assessment, are indicative of the need for oxygen therapy. Central cyanosis suggests severe hypoxemia, a respiratory rate >70 breaths per minute can indicate respiratory distress, and grunting is a sign of increased work of breathing. Administering oxygen in these situations can help improve oxygenation and support the child's respiratory function, making option D the correct choice.

2. During a well-child visit, a 10-year-old child is found to be above the 95th percentile for weight and reports watching more than two hours of television daily. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this child is:

• A. Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements
• B. Altered Growth and Development
• C. Ineffective Coping
• D. Altered Family Processes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct nursing diagnosis for a 10-year-old child who is above the 95th percentile for weight and watches more than two hours of television daily would be 'Imbalanced Nutrition: More than body requirements.' This diagnosis reflects the excessive intake of nutrients compared to the child's energy expenditure, which can contribute to weight gain. 'Altered Growth and Development' (choice B) is not the most appropriate diagnosis in this scenario, as the primary concern is related to nutrition and sedentary behavior rather than developmental issues. 'Ineffective Coping' (choice C) and 'Altered Family Processes' (choice D) are also not relevant to the child's weight status and television habits. Monitoring and addressing the child's dietary habits and sedentary behavior are essential to promote a healthier lifestyle and prevent further weight-related issues.

3. Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct?

• A. Death as a result of SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night.
• B. Certain cases of SIDS are predictable and therefore preventable.
• C. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months.
• D. SIDS is uncommon in infants older than 1 year of age.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. SIDS can occur at any time of the day or night, although it most commonly occurs during sleep. SIDS is sudden and unpredictable, making it challenging to prevent in all cases. While most cases occur in infants younger than 6 months, it is not limited to this age group. SIDS is not uncommon in infants older than 1 year of age, although less common than in younger infants.

4. A patient has been diagnosed with hypothyroidism; the nurse tells the patient not to eat goitrogens. Which of the following is an example of a goitrogen?

• A. Orange
• B. Tomatoes
• C. Cabbage
• D. Grapes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Cabbage is an example of a goitrogen. Goitrogens are substances that can interfere with thyroid function by inhibiting the uptake of iodine. Cabbage contains compounds that can have this effect and should be consumed in moderation by individuals with hypothyroidism.

5. What percentage of total body surface area has been burned in a 5-year-old child who experienced partial-thickness burns to his head, anterior chest, and both upper extremities?

• A. 45%
• B. 63%
• C. 72%
• D. 54%

Correct answer: A

Rationale: According to the pediatric rule of nines, the head and neck represent 18%, the anterior chest and abdomen 18%, and each arm 9%. By adding these percentages (18% + 18% + 9% + 9% = 45%), we find that 45% of the total body surface area has been burned in this child.

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