ATI LPN
ATI PN Comprehensive Predictor 2023 with NGN
1. What are the signs of hypovolemic shock and what is the nurse's role in management?
- A. Rapid pulse, low blood pressure; administer IV fluids
- B. Cold extremities, rapid breathing; administer oxygen
- C. Decreased urine output, sweating; administer diuretics
- D. Weak pulse, clammy skin; administer vasopressors
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct signs of hypovolemic shock are a rapid pulse and low blood pressure. Administering IV fluids helps to restore circulating volume, which is essential in managing hypovolemic shock. Choice B is incorrect because cold extremities and rapid breathing are not typical signs of hypovolemic shock. Choice C is incorrect as administering diuretics would further decrease circulating volume, worsening the condition. Choice D is incorrect as administering vasopressors may further compromise perfusion in hypovolemic shock.
2. What is the key management strategy for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
- A. Administer insulin
- B. Monitor blood glucose
- C. Administer IV fluids
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The key management strategy for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) involves a comprehensive approach that includes administering insulin to lower blood glucose levels, monitoring blood glucose levels to ensure they are within the target range, and administering IV fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. Choosing 'All of the above' as the correct answer is the most appropriate because all three interventions are essential components of DKA management. Administering insulin alone without addressing fluid status and monitoring blood glucose could lead to complications. Similarly, solely focusing on IV fluids or blood glucose monitoring without insulin administration would not effectively manage DKA.
3. A nurse is assessing a client with osteoporosis who is experiencing severe pain. The client's respiratory rate is 14/min. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer first?
- A. Promethazine
- B. Hydromorphone
- C. Ketorolac
- D. Amitriptyline
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Hydromorphone. Hydromorphone is an opioid analgesic commonly used to manage severe pain effectively. In this case, the client's stable respiratory rate of 14/min indicates that it is safe to administer an opioid for pain relief. Promethazine (choice A) is an antiemetic and antihistamine, not the first choice for severe pain management. Ketorolac (choice C) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that may not be potent enough for severe pain relief associated with osteoporosis. Amitriptyline (choice D) is a tricyclic antidepressant, not typically used as a first-line medication for severe pain.
4. Sucrose consists of a combination of glucose and:
- A. maltose.
- B. fructose.
- C. galactose.
- D. lactose.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, fructose. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Maltose (choice A) is composed of two glucose molecules, galactose (choice C) is a monosaccharide, and lactose (choice D) is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose. Therefore, fructose is the correct choice for the second component of sucrose.
5. For a healthy person, what percentage of daily calories should be supplied by protein?
- A. 5% to 10%.
- B. 10% to 35%.
- C. more than 25%.
- D. more than 35%.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 10% to 35%. For a healthy person, it is recommended that 10% to 35% of their daily caloric intake should come from protein. This range ensures an adequate intake of protein for various bodily functions without overdoing it. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they suggest percentages either below the recommended range (A, C) or exceeding it (D), which could lead to nutritional imbalances or health issues.
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